Organelles
Hepatitis C is a virus that attacks the liver and can cause liver disease. Liver disease has been linked to a reduction in albumin levels. Albumin is an important protein in humans. On average, patients with liver disease show a 10-30% decrease in blood-albumin levels. Identify the organelle in liver cells that is most likely being affected by hepatitis C.
Ribosomes / Rough ER
Which of the following is NOT found in the structure of a phospholipid?
a) fatty acids
b) disaccarides
c) alcohol (hydroxyl) group
d) phosphate groups
b) disaccharides
Which of the following is NOT an example of passive transport?
a) osmosis
b) diffusion
c) facilitated diffusion
d) exocytosis
d) exocytosis
If an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell will most likely ___.
a) lose water to the environment
b) take in water from the environment
c) shrivel and die
d) enter dynamic equilibrium
b) take in water
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of fibers in the cytoskeleton?
a) microtubules
b) intermediate tubules
c) microfilaments
d) intermediate filaments
b) intermediate tubules
Which organelle maximizes its surface area by containing a folded internal membrane called cristae?
a) mitochondria
b) chloroplasts
c) rough ER
d) nucleus
a) mitochondria
Which component of the fluid mosaic model plays a role in maintaining membrane fluidity?
a) peripheral proteins
b) glycolipids
c) cholesterol
d) integral / transmembrane proteins
c) cholesterol
The coupling of a favorable movement of one substance with an unfavorable movement of another substance, such as sucrose/H+ transport in plants, is known as ___.
a) passive transport
b) diffusion
c) cotransport
d) cyclical diffusion
c) cotransport
In the formula for solute potential (𝚿s = -iCRT), the variable T represents temperature in ____.
a) Celcius
b) Fahrenheit
c) Kelvin
d) Centigrade
c) Kelvin
The sodium potassium pump transports three __(1)__ OUT of the cell and two __(2)__ INTO the cell.
a) Na, K
b) K, Na
a) Three Na go OUT, two K come IN.
Which organelle consists of flat, membranous sacs called cisternae that each have a cis and trans face?
a) rough ER
b) smooth ER
c) golgi apparatus
d) chloroplast
c) golgi apparatus
Which of the following molecules would have the easiest time crossing the cell membrane directly?
a) water
b) small, polar molecules
c) large, nonpolar molecules
d) small, nonpolar molecules
d) small, nonpolar molecules
Which type of transport protein undergoes a conformational change to allow substances in or out of the cell?
a) channel protein
b) carrier protein
b) carrier protein
a) down, lower
b) down, higher
c) up, higher
d) up, lower
b) Water will diffuse DOWN its concentration gradient, toward a HIGHER concentration of solutes.
a) cristae
b) stroma
c) thylakoids
d) cisternae
c) thylakoids
The rough ER synthesizes __(1)__ while the smooth ER synthesizes __(2)__.
(1) proteins
(2) lipids
Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for cell identification and communication?
a) glycoproteins
b) transmembrane / integral proteins
c) cholesterol
d) peripheral proteins
An aquaporin is an example of a __.
a) peripheral protein
b) channel protein
c) glycoprotein
d) carrier protein
b) channel protein
If there is a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell, the cell is in a __(1)__ solution and will __(2)__ water.
a) hypotonic, gain
b) hypotonic, lose
c) hypertonic, gain
d) hypertonic, lose
d)
Which of the following is NOT a type of endocytosis?
a) osmoregulation
b) phagocytosis
c) pinocytosis
d) receptor-mediated
a) osmoregulation
In eukaryotic cells, the use of organelles to separate specific metabolic reactions from the rest of the cell is known as ____.
compartmentalization
What is the term for a molecule, such as a phospholipid, that contains both polar and nonpolar components?
Amphipathic OR amphiphilic
Which type of transport protein is found in the sodium potassium pump?
carrier protein
When a plant cell loses too much water to the extracellular environment, the central vacuole shrinks, causing the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall. This is known as ____.
plasmolysis
List 2 pieces of evidence that support the endosymbiotic theory.
●Double membrane
●Ribosomes
●Circular DNA
●Capable of functioning on their own