Light Reactions
What type of reactions occur when electron is transferred from reaction center to electorn acceptor?
Redox
What are the 3 main stages of the Calvin Cycle (in order)
Fixation, Reduction, Regeneration
What 3-carbon molecule is produced during glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What is any substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction
Catalyst
The light reactions take place in this part of the chloroplast.
Thylakoid
The Calvin Cycle takes place in this part of the chloroplast
Stroma
During the pyruvate oxidation phase, what two molecule types are produced
CO2, acetyl-CoA
How do enzymes increase reaction rate?
Lowering activation energy
How does the reaction center replace the electron donated
Photolysis (water splitting)
What enzyme catalyzes the addition of CO2 to ribulose 1,5-biphosphate during the fixation stage
Rubisco
Where does glycolysis occur? What about the rest of the aerobic cellular respiration process?
Glycolysis- cytosol
Rest of it- mitochondrial matrix
A decrease in enzyme activity at extreme pH occurs because pH alters this feature
shape or charge of the active site
Final electron acceptor in photosynthetic electron transport chain is
NADP+
The 3-carbon molecule produced during the fixation stage is transformed into what final produce of the Calvin Cycle
G3P (triose phosphate)
What type of phosphorylation is used to produce ATP in the respiratory ETC
Oxidative phosphorylation
Why are enzymes typically large proteins?
To allow intricate folding; amino acids that are part of the active site must fold correctly so enzyme is specific
Describe how ATP is produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis
When water is oxidized, H+ (protons) are released
Protons are pumped into thylakoid membrane using energy created by ETC
Protons build up inside thylakoid, causing interior to become acidic and electrochemical gradient to form
Transmembrane ATP synthase harnesses stored energy to phosphorylate ADP and synthesize ATP
Describe what happens if rubisco adds O2 to RuBP rather than CO2
Photorespiration; ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide is produced
How do uncoupling agents affect ATP production and how?
Allow proteins to pass through mitochondrial matrix, eliminating the electrochemical gradient ATP synthase needs to phosphorylate ADP. ATP production decreases in the oxidative phosphorylation stage
What type of inhibitors cannot be overcome by increasing substrate concentration
Noncompetitive