fitness
How do enzymes allow cells to maintain homeostasis in diverse environments?
What is by facilitating different reactions that allow the cells to respond to various stimuli.
Why is phosphorylation important in cellular processes?
What are the factors that can inhibit enzyme activity?
What is temperature, pH, and presence of inhibitors.
What types of molecules are produced as a byproduct to alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation?
What is ethanol and CO2.
What happens to water molecules during light-dependent reactions?
What is they are split through a process called photolysis.
How is variation evident on a cellular and molecular level?
What is differences in molecular structure, molecular types, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and number of molecules present.
What enzyme catalyzes phosphorylation?
What is kinases?
What is a “saturated” enzyme?
What is an enzyme with all of its active sites occupied by substrate molecules that is at maximum working capacity.
How does the electron transport chain generate a proton gradient?
What is by pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix to the inter-membrane space.
What is the first stable product of the Calvin cycle?
What is 3-phosphoglycerate.
How can metabolic adaptations enhance cellular fitness in different environments?
What is allowing cells to optimize their energy production and resource utilization in response to environmental conditions.
How does phosphorylation regulate activity of glycogen synthase?
What is by inhibiting the structure from functioning.
What is a catalyzed chemical reaction?
What is the process of adding a catalyst to facilitate a reaction?
What is the approximate number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during cellular respiration?
What is 30-38 ATP molecules.
How does increased CO2 concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?
What is a faster rate up to a point where the increase in rate levels off.
How is the expression of genes regulated?
What is mechanisms present that control the transcription and translation of genes?
What is the primary function of the enzyme protein kinase in phosphorylation reaction?
What is adding a phosphate group to a protein?
What happens to an enzyme‘s activity if its pH is too acidic or alkaline?
What is enzyme activity will decrease and possibly stopped due to denaturation.
What would happen to the flow of electrons and ATP production if the electron transport chain was blocked?
What is electron flow would stop, proton gradient would collapse, and ATP production would be inhibited.
How are the ATP and NADH molecules generated in light-dependent reactions used in the Calvin cycle?
What is to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of gylceraldehyde.
What do the sequences of genes and their protein products document?
What is the hereditary background of an organism.
What ability does variation at the molecular level provide organisms with?
What is the ability to modify their processes and characteristics in response to large ranges of environmental conditions.
What is the induced fit model of an enzyme-substrate interaction?
What is when the enzyme’s active sites changes shape slightly to better fit the substrate after binding.
If the transport of pyruvate into the mitochondria was blocked, what would the immediate impact on Krebs cycle be?
What is a decrease in acetyl-CoA and a buildup of oxaloacetate.
What happens to RuBP during the Calvin cycle?
What is undergoing the three key transformations of carbon fixation, G3P synthesis, and RuBP regeneration for continuation of the cycle.