Cell
Signaling
Signaling
Feedback Mechanisms
Cell
Cycle
Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulation
Other
Review
Review
100
Proteins that bind to receptor proteins in order to trigger a response in target cells.
What is a ligand?
100
Processes used by an organism to maintain homeostasis by increasing or decreasing a cellular response to an event.
What is a feeedback mechanism?
100
The phase within a cell cycle in which the cell grows and prepares for mitosis.
What is interphase?
100
Internal controls that regulate the growth and development of a cell.
What are cycle checkpoints?
100
The theory that explains how eukaryotic cells and organisms most likely evolved from prokaryotes that had formed a endosymbiotic relationships.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
200
The sequence of changes in a series of molecules that converts a signal to a form to which the cell can respond.
What is a signal transduction pathway?
200
The response of reactions that leads to a decrease in those reactions.
What is a negative feedback loop?
200
The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes start to condense and a spindle begins to form.
What is prophase?
200
Uncontrollable cell division, mostly caused by damaged or mutated DNA
What is cancer?
200
Programmed cell death
What is apoptosis?
300
The proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA.
What are transcription factors?
300
A form of regulation in which an end product of a process speeds up that process.
What is positive feedback?
300
Two copies of a duplicated chromosome, that are eventually separated during the process of meiosis.
What are sister chromatids?
300
A group of related proteins associated with specific phases of the cell cycle, that are used to activate CDKs in order to promote cell activity, including the cell cycle
What are cyclins?
300
Identify these macromolecules.
What are proteins?
400
The ring-shaped molecule made from ATP, that is a common intracellular signaling molecule in eukaryotic cells.
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
400
A steady, healthy condition within an organism.
What is homeostasis?
400
The groove that is created in the middle of a cell's surface when a cell is dividing.
What is a cleavage furrow?
400
The checkpoint that checks the size of the cell, the cell's nutrients, the cell's growth factors and for DNA damage.
What is the G1 Checkpoint?
400
Describe how a plant cell would respond in a hypotonic environment.
The cell would absorb water, becoming turgid.
500
A type of long-distance signaling, in which hormones are released and travel throughout the body in order to transfer information.
What is endocrine signaling?
500
Identify the type of feedback mechanism in the image.
What is positive feedback?
500
Name all stages of the cell cycle in order (including checkpoints).
G1, G1 Checkpoint, (G0 Phase), S Phase, G2, G2 Checkpoint, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis
500
Describe the difference between benign and malignant tumors.
Benign Tumors- Abmornal cells that remain at the site of damage or mutation.
Malignant Tumors- Abnormal cells that have genetic information that allow the cells to travel and spread throughout the body.
500
This process must be completed by every organism in order to produce ATP.
What is glycolysis?