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Cell Communication
Signal Transduction
Signal Pathways and Feedback
Cell Cycle
Regulation of the Cell Cycle
100

Cell signaling between/from nearby cells.

What is paracrine signaling?

100
These are the three steps involved in cell signaling.
What is reception, transduction (relay), and response?
100
This word refers to "programmed cell death".
What is apoptosis?
100

reproduction

growth and development

cell renewal

What are the functions of cell division?

100

A disorder in which cells lose the ability to control growth by not responding to regulation. The cells lose anchorage dependency and density-dependency regulation.

What is cancer?

200

Animal cells communicate through ____ junctions, not plasmodesmata, like plants.

What is gap?

200

Plasma membrane receptor that changes shape when a ligand binds to it, regulating the flow of specific ions (Ca2+, Na+).

What are ligand-gated channels?

200

Temperature regulation is a type of ______________ feedback.

What is "negative?"

200

What are the 5 main stages of mitosis?

What is prophase, pro-metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?"

200

Checkpoint of the cell cycle where a “Go” lets a cell complete the whole cell cycle and a “Stop” 🡪 cell makes it enter a non-dividing state (G0 Phase).

What is the G1 checkpoint?

300

Simple bacterial cells secrete molecules that enable them to respond to changes in their pop density.

What is quorum sensing?

300

Cell receptors that are in the cytoplasm or nucleus and receive hydrophobic or small ligands.

What are intracellular receptors?

300

If a receptor protein is mutated, why can't it receive a ligand?

What is "ligands and receptors have highly specific shapes to each other"?

300

Enzymes that control the cell cycle; only active when connected to cyclin.

What are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)?

300

When cancer cells separate from tumor and travel to other parts of body.

What is metastasis?

400

Major paracrine signaling molecule in nervous, immune, and circulatory systems that can diffuse directly across plasma membrane of its target cells. Instead of binding to receptor it alters enzyme activity.

What is Nitric Oxide (NO)?

400
Transduction is often accomplished through a phosphorylation cascade that activates and inactivates this type of enzyme.
What is a "kinase"?
400

Animals that generate heat by metabolism.

What are endotherms?

400

Proteins that assemble the centromere in phases of mitosis. They also link chromosomes to microtubules from the mitotic spindle.

What are kinetochores?

400

When cells/tissue becomes too crowded so cells stop dividing.

What is density-dependent inhibition?

500
This type of cell surface receptor is the most common in human cells, and is involved in signaling pathways for smell, taste, and cell growth.
What is a G-Protein Coupled Receptor?
500
These two small molecules are often used as secondary messengers in transduction?
What are cyclic AMP and Ca2+?
500

True or false. Not all normal, healthy somatic cells have the ability to maintain homeostasis.

What is "false?"

500

Describe pro-metaphase.

Phase in mitosis where the nuclear envelope begins to break down; two chromatids of each chromosome are held together by centromere.

500

What are two ways a cancer cell differs from a normal cell?

They do not follow checkpoints, divide infinitely and evade apoptosis.