DNA Replication
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix during replication.
What is helicase?
This enzyme synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template.
What is RNA polymerase?
Translation occurs in this cellular organelle.
What is the ribosome?
This cluster of functionally related genes in prokaryotes is regulated together as a unit.
What is an operon?
This process amplifies DNA, allowing scientists to make millions of copies from a small sample.
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
This enzyme adds complementary DNA nucleotides to the growing strand during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
This DNA sequence signals RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.
What is a promoter?
The three-base sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid is called this.
What is a codon?
This protein binds to the operator in an operon to prevent transcription.
What is a repressor?
This type of mutation results from an insertion or deletion that shifts the reading frame.
What is a frameshift mutation?
his short segment of RNA is laid down first during replication to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase.
What is an RNA primer
The process of removing non-coding introns from pre-mRNA is called this.
What is RNA splicing
This codon signals the beginning of translation.
What is the start codon (AUG, coding for methionine)?
The lac operon is an example of this type of operon, which is usually off but can be turned on in the presence of lactose.
What is an inducible operon?
A mutation that introduces an early stop codon is called this.
What is a nonsense mutation?
The discontinuous fragments formed on the lagging strand are known as these.
What are Okazaki fragments
This type of RNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
These are the three stop codons that signal translation termination.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
This process allows eukaryotic cells to regulate gene expression by modifying histones and DNA.
What is epigenetic regulation?
A bacterial enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences is called this.
What is a restriction enzyme?
This enzyme seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds.
What is DNA ligase
These modifications are added to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus to protect it from degradation.
What are the 5' cap and poly-A tail?
The process by which tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome and assemble them into a protein is called this.
What is elongation?
hese small RNA molecules can silence gene expression by degrading mRNA or blocking translation.
What are microRNAs (miRNAs)?
This technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size using an electric field.
What is gel electrophoresis?