DNA and RNA Structure
What is is the primary source of heritable information.
DNA and some cases RNA
the mechanisms by which genetic information is copied for transmission between generations.
DNA replication
Genetic information flows from a sequence of nucleotides in DNA to a sequence of bases in an mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids in a what?
Protein
Which sequences are stretches of DNA that interact with regulatory proteins to control transcription.
Regulatory sequences
Disruptions in genes and gene products cause what?
new phenotypes
Genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next through
DNA or RNA
DNA is synthesis in what direction?
5' to 3'
The enzyme RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA molecules in the 5’ to 3’ direction by reading the template DNA strand in what direction?
3' to 5'
The phenotype of a cell or organism is determined by
the combination of genes that are expressed and the levels at which they are expressed
What are the primary source of genetic variation.
Mutations
DNA, and sometimes RNA, exhibits specific nucleotide base pairing. What is the pairing of the C, cytosine.
G, guanine
What joins the fragments on the lagging strand.
Ligase
True or False. In prokaryotic organisms, translation of the mRNA molecule occurs while it is being transcribed.
True
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes, groups of genes called operons are transcribed in a single mRNA molecule. The lac operon is an example of an inducible system.
Prokaryotes
What introduces DNA into bacterial cells.
Bacterial transformation
DNA, and sometimes RNA, exhibits specific nucleotide base pairing. What are the two pairings of the base A, adenine.
T and U, thymine or uracil
What unwinds the DNA strands.
Helicase
What are the three main sequential steps to translation?
Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.
Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes, groups of genes may be influenced by the same transcription factors to coordinately regulate expression.
Eukaryotes
What Biotech separates molecules according to size and charge
Electrophoresis
Which of these contain plasmids, which are small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules.
A.) Prokaryotes
B.) Eukaryotes
C.) All of above
C
Enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides
DNA polymerase
What does the m in mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
Negative or Positive regulatory molecules inhibit gene expression by binding to DNA and blocking transcription.
Negitive
How can alterations in DNA sequences contribute to variation that can be subject to natural selection
Genetic changes can enhance survival and reproduction can be selected for by environmental conditions