Fitness and selection
Natural Selection & Hardy Weinberg
Unit 7 Vocabulary
Cladograms
Speciation
100
Being able to survive and reproduce is the definition of this.
What is fitness?
100
This process occurs because traits are often heritable and organisms compete to survive.
What is natural selection?
100
When alleles are transferred between populations due to immigration we call it this.
What is gene flow?
100
Surprise Miller-Urey Experiment Question!
This is the set up more likely to form amino acids and why.
What is experiment 1 - contains nitrogen
100
In order to form a new species, this must occur among members of a population.
What is reproductive isolation?
200
A lack of genetic diversity in a population indicates that this is how it may respond to a threat such as an environmental change or pathogen.
What is... it'll be more vulnerable/more likely to die?
200
When multiple niches are available and organisms evolve separately to fill those niches to avoid competition, this occurs. (hint! think Galapagos finches)
What is adaptive radiation/divergent evolution?
200
A cataclysmic event that occurs, after which the remaining allele frequencies are different than they were before the event.
What is the bottleneck effect?
200
This is the outgroup:
What is A. carolinensis?
200
This is the biological definition of a species.
What is .. organisms that look similar and produce viable, fertile offspring?
300
An environmental factor that impacts whether an organism can survive and reproduce is called ______________ pressure
What is selective?
300
The condition in which there are barriers to successful interbreeding between individuals of different species in the same community is referred to as this.
What is reproductive isolation?
300
When environments are similar they lead to the development of similar traits in two different lineages and the traits are called this
What is convergent evolution and analogous traits?
300
This lineage is the least closely related member of the clade
What is the outgroup?
300
This is the way in which migration affects a population's gene pool.
What is changes it? (due to gene flow)
400
A certain antibiotic is given to cattle to combat a bacterium they may harbor. A person sickened by this bacterium from eating beef is treated with the same antibiotic. This is why it may not work.
What is - that it is an antibiotic resistant strain?
400
This is how this graph would change following a drought year.
What is - shifted to the right (directional selection)?
400
These structures exist between organisms who share those types of ancestors
What are homologous traits and common ancestors?
400
These are two types of information that can be used to create cladograms.
What are DNA, morphology, biogeography, and fossils?
400
Of these choices, these share a more recent common ancestor: humans and bonobos, or bonobos and gorillas.
What is humans and bonobos?
500
Poaching is the illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals. Both male and female African elephants have tusks that are a significant source of ivory used for ornaments and jewelry.
Assuming that the size of the tusks is heritable, this is the most likely long-term effect of poachers targeting African elephants with large tusks.
What is a decrease in the average tusk size? (large tusk animals were killed off and therefore didn't reproduce/pass on their genes)
500
A particular gene has two alleles, a dominant allele M and a recessive allele m. The frequency of allele M is 0.55. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to the gene, then what is the expected frequency of genotype Mm?
What is .495?
500
Organisms choosing to mate with other organisms that share the same food preference are an example of this type of reproductive isolation?
What is behavioral isolation?
500
Create a cladogram for the following:
500
The apple maggot fly is native to North America and originally fed on fruit of the wild hawthorn. Since the mid-1800s, a population of flies has emerged that instead feed on domesticated apples. Apple maggot flies typically mate on or near the fruit of their host plants. Many varieties of apples ripen three to four weeks before the hawthorn fruits do.
Using the term gene flow, describe why these two appear to be becoming new species.
What is a lack of gene flow?