Enzymes
Name the macromolecule that makes up an enzyme
Proteins
For life to maintain order, it requires a constant supply of what?
Constant supply of energy
Where does glycolysis take place?
A. Chloroplast
B. Cytosol
C. Mitochondria
D. Nucleus
B. Cytosol
What is the main energy source of photosynthesis?
The sun
Describe the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.
A.) Noncompetitive binds to the active site, and competitive binds to the other site
B.) Competitive binds to the active site, and noncompetitive binds to the other site
C.) Competitive is irreversible, and noncompetitive is reversible binding
D.) Noncompetitive is irreversible, and competitive is reversible binding
B.) Competitive binds to the active site, and noncompetitive binds to the other site
What are enzymes, and what do they do to reactions?
Enzymes are biological catalysts, used to speed up biological reactions
Explain the first and second law of thermodynamics
First Law: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred
Second Law: As energy gets converted, the universe becomes more disordered
What are the byproducts of Fermentation?
Lactic Acid and Ethanol
Name the two parts of Photosynthesis
Light-Dependent Reaction and Calvin Cycle
Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions.
A.) H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADPH
B.) H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH
C.) H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADH
D.) H2O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADH
B.) H2O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH
True or False?
Enzymes affect the rate of biological reactions
True
What is entropy?
Which process does NOT use Oxygen(O2)?
A. Krebs Cycle
B. Fermentation
C. Glycolysis
D. Fermentation
D. Fermentation
What happens to the electrons after absorbing energy from the sun, and where do they go?
They go into the excited state and pass through the Electron Transport Chain(ETC)
Which process releases energy in glucose to form ATP, NADH, and pyruvate?
A.) Glycolysis
B.) Oxidative Phosphorylation
C.) Krebs Cycle
D.) Fermentation
A.) Glycolysis
Where does an enzyme bind?
The Active Site
What is the relationship between metabolism and size?
The larger the organism, the lower the metabolism
The smaller the organism, the higher the metabolism
Which enzyme in the cristae adds the P to ADP?
ATP Synthase
Name the byproducts of the Calvin Cycle and what they are used for
ADP and NADP+ = goes back to the light-dependent reaction to get re-energized
G3P = used to build glucose for the plant
Oligomycin is a compound that can block the channel protein function of ATP synthase.
Predict the effects of using oligomycin on the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane and justify your prediction.
Predict: The proton gradient will increase (and may eventually plateau) or there will be an increase in proton concentration in the intermembrane space.
Justify: Protons will not be able to flow across the membrane, but the ETC(Electron Transport Chain) will still pump protons into the intermembrane space
How do you denature an enzyme?
High temperatures and high pH/ outside the optimal range in temperature and pH
What is the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions?
Endergonic reactions absorb energy; ΔG is positive; non-spontaneous
Exergonic reactions release energy; ΔG is negative; spontaneous
Where are the electrons pumped during the electron transport chain in the mitochondria?
Intermembrane Space
Explain how the Calvin Cycle depends on the Light-Dependent reaction to function
Without the Light-Dependent reaction, NADPH and ATP wouldn't be produced to power the Calvin Cycle and the Calvin Cycle would not be able to function and create glucose.
13. Students in a class measured the mass of various living organisms. They then kept the organisms in the dark for 24
hours before remeasuring them. None of the microorganisms was provided with nutrients during the 24 hours. The data are as follows.
Organism | Starting Mass(g) | Final Mass (g)
Elodea | 15.10 | 14.01
(submerged | |
aquatic plant) |
Goldfish 10.10 | 9.84
Sea anemone | 25.60 | 24.98
Which of the following is the best explanation for the pattern of change in mass of the organisms over time?
A.) Water loss due to evaporation
B.) Cellular respiration
C.) The law of conservation of matter
D.) Growth and reproduction
B. Cellular Respiration