Intro to Biology Scientific Method
Intro to Chemistry of Life
Biochemistry /Carbon Compounds
Tour of Cells
Cell Structures
Cell Structures
Cell Membrane
Transport
Transport
Metabolism
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Photosynethesis
Holiday SongsQ
100
What are the six kingdoms of life?
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia, and Protista
100
What type of bonds are located between 2 water molecules? Think surface tension
Hydrogen
100
What element makes a compound organic?
Carbon-C
100
Why are there limits to cell size?
SA/V ratios limit the movement of materials across the cell membrane.
100
Describe the components of the cell membrane.
2 layers of phospholipids whith hydrophobic tails inward and hydrophyllic tails outward
Channel, Integral, and Peripheral Proteins in the phospholids
Carbohydrate Chains attached to the lipids or proteins
Cholesterol embedded in the lipds
100
What must be overcome in a chemical reacation before reactants can create products?
Activation Energy.
100
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?
How many ATP are made?
Cytoplasm
2 ATP
100
Where do the light reactions occur? light independent reactions(Calvin Cycle?
Thylakoids
Stroma
100
What was Frosty the snowmans nose made out of?
A Button
200
Which organic molecule unites all organisms through a genetic code?
DNA-Nucleic Acids
200
What are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
200
What is a monomer?
The building block of polymers
200
Why are ribosomes essential for cells?
List two other structures associated with the ribosomes function
To build proteins
ER, Golgi, Vesicles
200
Name some molecules that can move by simple diffusion across the cell membrane
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide
(Small and uncharged molecules, non-polar)
200
What is the difference between Anabolic vs Catabolic chemical reactions?
Anabolic reactions build componds/bonds
Catabolic reactions break down compounds/bonds
200
What are the 4 main steps of Cellular Respiration?
Which step produces the most ATP?
1. Glycolysis
2. Link Rxn
3. Krebs Cycle
4. ETC/Oxidative Phosphorolation
200
When water is split in the light reactions, what gas is released?
Oxygen
200
What were you doing when you were dashing through the snow in a one horse open sleigh?
Laughing all the way!
300
What is the simplest level of biological organization that still has all the traits of a living organism?
Cell
300
What is the difference between and ionic and covalent bond in reference to the electrons?
Covalent bonds share electrons and Ionic bonds transfer electrons from one atom to another.
300
Name two polymers in living organisms.
DNA, Starch, Cellulose, Polypeptides ect.
300
What is the function of Lysosomes?
They contain powerful hydrolytic enzymes to break down materials in the cell or old worn out organelles.
300
What is the name of the movement of water across the cell membrane? What type of transport proteins speed up this process?
Osmosis
Aquaporons
300
Describe one way we increased reaction rate in our toothpick-as lab?
Increased substrate (More toothpicks)
Increased the amount of enzymes (Two people)
300
What enzyme plays a role in chemiosmosis to help generate ATP using a hydrogen ion gradient in the ETC?
ATP Synthase
300
What enzyme is used in the Calvin Cycle to fix Carbon?
(Rubisco)
300
What do you deck the halls with?
Boughs of Holly
400
Provide an example of a sample hypothesis Ha in the proper format?
How would a Ho (Null hypothesis) differ?
If.....then
Answers will vary
The Ho says the experimental variable will have no impact on the experimental data.
400
T/F Hydrophobic molecules attract to water molecules
False
400
What are the 4 main categories of organic compounds and what is their monomer?
Carbohydrates-Monosaccharides (glucose)
Proteins-Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids-Nucleotides
Lipids-Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids
400
Name some cell junctions found in animal cells or plant cells.
Plasmodesmata
Gap Junctions, Tight Junctions, Desmosomes
400
What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Both move the molecules from High to Low Concentration but facilitated diffusion uses a carrier protein to do so.
400
What are some environmental factors that can impact enzyme function?
Temperature
pH
Salinity
400
What are two types of anaerobic respiration?
1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
2. Alcoholic Fermentation
400
What is the main goal of the Calvin Cycle?
To synthesize simple sugars like glucose form carbon dioxide
400
Which Christmas song was originally written for Thanksgiving?
Jingle Bells
500
Which experimental group will have the manipulated/independent variable?
The Control Group
500
What parts of the pH scale are acidic? basic? or neutral
How many times stronger/weaker is each unit on the pH scale from the previous unit?
Acidic 1-6, Basic 8-14, Neutral =7
10x
500
Explain what occurs in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis of organic compounds.
DS-Remove H and OH to create a bond between monomers
H-Add H and OH to break the bond between monomers
500
Describe the endosymbiotic theory and provide evidence to support it.
Prokaryotic cells invaded eukaryotic cells and their functions helped support these larger cells.
Mito/Chlor have own DNA, can reproduce, Ribosome size that matches bacteria, Duo membrane,same size as bacteria.
500
Describe how water will move in a cell taht is .35 M NaCl and it is placed in a solution that is .65 M of NaCl.
Why does this occur?
Water will flow out of the cell. This occurs because the solution it was placed in is hypertonic and also the water potential is higher in the cell and more negative outside the cell.
500
Explain why enzymes are specific for their chemical reactions they work with.
Enzymes have an active site that matches the substrate of the chemical reaction that on they can form a complex with.
Lock and Key Model
Induced Fit Model
500
What evolutionary evidence supports that energy and metabolic pathways may all come from a universal ancestor?
All Domains/Kingdoms use Glycolysis as the first step of cellular respiration. (Aerobic and Anaerobic)
500
What are some factors that can impace the leaf disk rate of reaction.
Light Intensity
Type of Light/Color of Light
Amount of CO2 in starting solution
500
Name Santa's 9 Reindeer
600
Why is it necessary to have a control group in an experiment?
Note you can have + and -
So you have something to compare your results to.
To show if the manipulated variable had an impact on the experimental results.
600
If a subtance has a pH of 3 and another substance has a pH of 5, which is the stronger acid? and How much stronger is it?
pH 3, 100 xs stronger
600
Name 3 types of protein functions and What are the two functional groups that bond amino acids together?
Hormone regulation
Enzymes/Chemical Reactions
Receptors and Transport
Antigens for defense
Structural
Storage
Amino and Carboxylic Acid groups
600
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic cells.
Prok-Small, Simple, Asexual reproduction
Euk-Large, Advanced, Mostly sexual reproduction
Both have DNA, Ribosomes, Cell membrane,
600
Provide and example of Active Transport in animal cells. Does this require ATP energy?
Na/K+ Pump
Yes bc the ions move against the concentration gradient so they require ATP energy for transport.
600
Explain how feedback inhibition can impact the rate of a chemical reaction.
If - feedback, could decreae the reaction rate
The product made could inhibit the initial reactions to create it.
600
What are the products for Cell Respiration?
What are the reactants of Cell Respiration?
P= Carbon Dioxide, Water, ATP
R=Glucose and Oxygen
600
What are the products of photosynthesis?
What are th reactants of photosynthesis?
Glucose and oxygen=P
Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Sunlight energy =R
600
What were all the giftrs you received on the 12th day of Christmas in Order?
