AP Biology Chapters 9 and 10

Life is Work

100

Energy flows into an ecosystem as 1. ______ and leaves as 2. ______

1. Sunlight

2. Heat

200

Catabolic pathways yield energy by ____________

Oxidizing organic fuels

300

The breakdown of organic molecules is endergonic/exergonic?

exergonic

400

Partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen; anabolic or catabolic

fermentation; catabolic

500

• Cellular respiration: 
  • Is the most prevalent and efficient 1. anabolic OR catabolic pathway
  • Consumes 2. ________ and ________ such as glucose
  • Yields 3. ______

1. catabolic

2. oxygen and organic molecules

3. ATP

Redox Rxns

100

OIL RIG? What is this acronym?

Oxidation

Is 

Losing (electrons)

Reduction

Is 

Gaining (electrons)

200

• During cellular respiration, glucose is 1. ______ and oxygen is 2. ________

Which is oxidized and which is reduced?

1. oxidized 

2. reduced

300

NADH is the oxidized OR reduced form of NAD+

reduced

400

________ passes the electrons to the electron transport chain

NADH

500

• The electron transport chain uses the energy from the 1. _______ to form 2. ________

1. electron transfer

2. ATP

Cellular Respiration

100

Respiration is a cumulative function of three metabolic stages... list them

1.  Glycolysis

2. The citric acid cycle 

3. Oxidative phosphorylation

200

Completes the breakdown of glucose

The citric acid cycle

300

Breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Glycolysis

400

• Oxidative phosphorylation is driven by the 1. __________ and generates 2. __________

1. electron transport chain

2. ATP

500

TRUE OR FALSE?

Both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle can generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation

TRUE

CR continued

100

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm of the cell

200

Glycolysis consists of two major phases. List them...

• Energy investment phase
• Energy payoff phase

300

Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle occur?

matrix of the mitochondrion

400

• Before the citric acid cycle can begin, pyruvate must first be converted to _________, which links the cycle to glycolysis

acetyl CoA

500

During ______________, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis

oxidative phosphorylation

Electron transport

100

The enzyme that actually makes ATP

ATP synthase

200

At certain steps along the electron transport chain, electron transfer causes protein complexes to pump H+ from the 1. _________ to the 2. ___________

1. mitochondrial matrix 

2. intermembrane space

300

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy in the form of a H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work

Chemiosmosis

400

During respiration, most energy flows in this sequence...

Glucose to NADH to electron transport chain to proton-motive force to ATP

500

About 40% of the energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP during cellular respiration, making approximately _____ ATP

38