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N.Selection 1
N. Selection 2
Hardy-Weinberg
Evidence of Evolution
Grab Bag
100
An organism/species from which two or more species evolved.
What is a common ancestor?
100
A trait or behavior that helps one survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
100
Fill in the blank: If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
What is not evolving?
100
The reason DNA serves as evidence for evolution.
What is that all living organisms use DNA?
100
Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? A) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time. B) Variation occurs among individuals in a population. C) Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. D) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations have the best chance of reproducing.
A) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time.
200
The disproportionate representation of a certain allele due to a population at one point being reduced to a select few individuals that had a high representation of this allele. The Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
What is bottleneck effect?
200
The definition of evolutionary fitness.
What is the ability to survive and reproduce?
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
What is p and q change over time?
200
Similar structures found across species that serve as proof of a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
200
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of genetic drift on the gene frequencies of a population? A) Genes enter a population through immigration, thus changing gene frequencies. B) Genes leave a population through emigration, thus changing gene frequencies. C) Chance alone can cause significant changes in gene frequencies of small populations. D) Selection against one allele causes gene frequencies to change.
C) Chance alone can cause significant changes in gene frequencies of small populations.
300
Selection that causes an increase in allele frequency of a specific allele, or one or the other of the homozygous genotypes. The increase of beak size in finches due to a high proportion of large seeds in an ecosystem could be considered an example of this.
What is directional selection?
300

A hurricane pushes a small population of insects to a faraway island.  Their genetic diversity is decreased.

What is founder effect?

300

To determine the allele frequencies of a population where the number of each genotypes are known

What is you take 2*number of homozygous dominant + 1*number of heterozygotes/ Total ALLELES....


2*number of homozygous recessive + 1*number of heterozygotes/ Total ALLELES...

300

Evidence for convergent evolution

Analogous structures

300
Tigers and lions will interbreed in captivity and produce viable offspring, but they do not interbreed in Asia where their geographic ranges overlap. Which of the following isolating mechanisms account for this? A) hybrid infertility B) gametic mortality C) behavioral isolation D) reduced gametic viability
C) behavioral isolation
400
Selection that leads to a high proportion of heterozygotes due to the heterozygote advantage. Sickle cell is an example of this.
What is stabilizing selection?
400

When the frequency of the heterozygous genotype increases over time.

What is heterozygote advantage. (ex: AS for malarial resistance)
400
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
What is 0.135?
400
Structures no longer used by a species but remain due to a past need.
What are vestigial structures?
400

Horses & Donkey's can mate but their hybrid, a mule, cannot successfully reproduce.  What type of speciation is this, AND, is it an example of pre-zygotic or post-zygotic mechanism?

What is hybrid sterility & post-zygotic

500
Selection that favors BOTH of the extremes (or both homozygotes). A population of black, white and gray rabbits in an environment with black and white rocks could serve as an example of this. Black rabbits could hide in black rocks and white rabbits could hide in white rocks. The gray rabbits would have a hard time hiding anywhere.
What is disruptive selection?
500
Selection in which humans choose desirable traits and breed organisms accordingly.
What is artificial selection?
500
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
What is p=0.7, q=0.3? 42%?
500

Comparing hemoglobin protein structure to humans:

Organism 1: 98%

Organism 2: 80%

Organism 3: 90%

Organism 4: 95%

*Organism 2 would be considered this on a phylogenetic tree.

What is an outgroup?

500
Which of the following statements best expresses the concept of punctuated equilibrium? A) Small variations gradually accumulate in evolving lineages over periods of millions of years. B) Random mating ensures that the proportions of genotypes in a population remain unchanged from generation to generation. C) Stability is achieved when selection favors the heterozygote, while both types of homozygotes are at a relative disadvantage. D) Evolutionary changes consist of rapid bursts of speciation alternating with long periods in which species remain essentially unmodified.
D) Evolutionary changes consist of rapid bursts of speciation alternating with long periods in which species remain essentially unmodified.