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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg
Evidence of Evolution
Mystery
100
Selection that favors BOTH of the extremes (or both homozygotes). A population of black, white and gray rabbits in an environment with black and white rocks could serve as an example of this. Black rabbits could hide in black rocks and white rabbits could hide in white rocks. The gray rabbits would have a hard time hiding anywhere.
What is disruptive selection?
100
Selection in which humans choose desirable traits and breed organisms accordingly.
What is artificial selection?
100
Fill in the blank: If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
What is not evolving?
100
The two elements of the molecular record.
What is DNA and proteins?
100
Which of the following statements best expresses the concept of punctuated equilibrium? A) Small variations gradually accumulate in evolving lineages over periods of millions of years. B) Random mating ensures that the proportions of genotypes in a population remain unchanged from generation to generation. C) Stability is achieved when selection favors the heterozygote, while both types of homozygotes are at a relative disadvantage. D) Evolutionary changes consist of rapid bursts of speciation alternating with long periods in which species remain essentially unmodified.
D) Evolutionary changes consist of rapid bursts of speciation alternating with long periods in which species remain essentially unmodified.
200
The disproportionate representation of a certain allele due to a population at one point being reduced to a select few individuals that had a high representation of this allele. The Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
What is bottleneck effect?
200
A trait or behavior that helps one survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
What is p and q change over time?
200
A species that exhibits characteristics of two different groups of animals and serves as evidence for evolution.
What is a transitional species?
200
Which of the following statements best describes the effect of genetic drift on the gene frequencies of a population? A) Genes enter a population through immigration, thus changing gene frequencies. B) Genes leave a population through emigration, thus changing gene frequencies. C) Chance alone can cause significant changes in gene frequencies of small populations. D) Selection against one allele causes gene frequencies to change.
C) Chance alone can cause significant changes in gene frequencies of small populations.
300
Selection that causes an increase in allele frequency of a specific allele, or one or the other of the homozygous genotypes. The increase of beak size in finches due to a high proportion of large seeds in an ecosystem could be considered an example of this.
What is directional selection?
300

The definition of evolutionary fitness.

What is the ability to survive and reproduce?

300
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
What is p=0.7, q=0.3? 42%?
300
Similar structures found across species that serve as proof of a common ancestor.
What are homologous structures?
300

Tigers and lions will interbreed in captivity and produce viable offspring, but they do not interbreed in Asia where their geographic ranges overlap, however they rarely come in contact with each other. Which of the following isolating mechanisms account for this? A) hybrid infertility B) gametic mortality C) habitat isolation D) reduced gametic viability

C) habitat isolation

400
Selection that leads to a high proportion of heterozygotes due to the heterozygote advantage. Sickle cell is an example of this.
What is stabilizing selection?
400

The idea that parents can pass on traits acquired within their lifetime to their offspring was credited to Lamark and long thought to be entirely incorrect. The emerging field of _________ has begun to prove this concept may be somewhat true.

What is epigenetics?

400
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
What is 0.135?
400
Structures no longer used by a species but remain due to a past need.
What are vestigial structures?
400

Toads in a particular population vary in size. A scientist observes that in this population, large males mate with females significantly more often than small males do. Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for this observation? A) The small males cannot hop to the females with their tiny legs. B) Small females are more likely to mate with small males and large females are more likely to mate with large males. C) Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are because they have secured a large breeding territory. D) Small males do not swim as well as large males.

C) Large males are successful in competing for mates more often than small males are because they have secured a large breeding territory.

500
An organism/species from which two or more species evolved.
What is a common ancestor?
500
The fundamental difference between Darwin and Lamark's theory of evolution.
What is the mechanism causing evolution--Lamark: use and disuse, Darwin:natural selection?
500
After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive cystic fibrosis allele (c). Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of cystic fibrosis on your island?
What is 0.25%?
500

The reason DNA serves as the greatest evidence for modern evolution.

What is that all living organisms use DNA?

500

Which of the following principles is NOT part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection? A) Evolution is a gradual process that occurs over long periods of time. B) Variation occurs among individuals in a population. C) DNA Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. D) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations have the best chance of reproducing.

C) DNA Mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation.