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Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
Macromolecules 1
Macromolecules 2
Intro to Biology
Cell Structure
100
Define cancer in your own words.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
100
Name the 4 macromolecules
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids
100
What is the process that brings 2 monomers together to make a polymer?
Dehydration synthesis
100
Define the following biology topics: 1. Cellular biology 2. Molecular biology
1. Cellular biology: The study of cells (ex: cell organelles) 2. Molecular biology- The study of what goes on inside of a cell (ex: making proteins)
100

What is one difference between between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

-Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles and prokaryotes don't

-Prokaryotes store genetic information in RNA and eukaryotes store genetic information in DNA

200

Define the following term: Metastasis 

 Metastasis: The spreading of cancer throughout the body

200
Name one monosaccharide (the monomer of carbohydrates)
Glucose
200
What is the process that breaks apart a polymer into smaller molecules (or monomers)?
Hydrolysis
200
Define the term "Evolution"
The study of how groups of organisms change and adapt to their environments over time.
200

What a difference between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, larger vacuole, and chloroplasts (for photosynthesis).

300

Starts with a ligand that is transduced into a response in the cell. 

signal transduction pathway

300
Name two polysaccharides that are used to store energy
Starch and glycogen
300
Fill in the blank: The information found in DNA is used to make ________.
Proteins
300
Define the term homeostasis and give one example
Homeostasis: Balance Example: Regulating our temperature by shivering and sweating to maintain a constant temperature
300

What is the function of each of the following organelles? 1. Cell wall 2. Cell membrane

1. Cell wall- protects the outside of the cell, helps plants to stand up (this is why a plant stem is straight) 2. Cell membrane- Determines what goes into and out of the cell.

400

Give and example of long distance cell signaling 

hormone signaling 

endocrine signaling

400

Name the 2 different types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

400
Name 3 protein functions
1. Structure 2. Transport 3. Enzymes
400
Define "genetics"
The study of genes and how our genetic information is passed down to our offspring.
400
What is the function of each of the following organelles? 1. Ribosome 2. Chloroplast 3. Mitochondria
1. Ribosome: Makes proteins 2. Chloroplast: Photosynthesis 3. Mitochondria: Makes energy
500

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes? 

People with type 1 diabetes don't produce insulin. You can think of it as not having a key. People with type 2 diabetes the receptors don't respond well to insulin.

500

What is one function of each type of macromolecule? 1. Lipid 2. Carbohydrate 3. Nucleic Acid

1. Lipid: Long term energy storage 2. Carbohydrate: Short term energy storage 3. Nucleic acid: Stores genetic information

500
Explain the stages of protein folding
Primary: Polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids Secondary: Polypeptide forms hydrogen bonds to create alpha helix or beta pleated sheet Tertiary: Secondary structure folds even more (the R groups interact with each other to allow for this folding to occur) Quaternary: The tertiary structures combine together to form one large protein
500
Give one example of positive feedback and an example of negative feedback
Positive feedback: A mother who is about to give birth releases hormones to have MORE contractions Negative feedback: Regulating our temperature (shivering when we are cold or sweating when we are hot)
500

What is the function of each of the following organelles? 1. Golgi apparatus 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

1. Golgi apparatus: Packages proteins and fats 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: This is where a protein folds