Level 1
Recall (MC)
Recall (MC)
Level 2
Apply (MC)
Apply (MC)
Level 3
Analyze (MC)
Analyze (MC)
Level 4
Predict (FRQ)
Predict (FRQ)
Level 5
Graphs
Graphs
100
Which macromolecule is shown below?
a. Lipid
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Carbohydrate
d. Protein
c. Carbohydrate
100
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?
a. Glucose is transported into the cell by active transport.
b. Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport.
c. The movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis.
d. Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.
d. Na+ transport out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis.
100
The diagram above illustrates feedback control as exerted by the hormone thyroxine. Following surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the level of TSH in the blood will increase. Which of the following best explains this increase?
a. Residual blood thyroxine, from prior to thyroid gland removal, will bind to cells in the anterior pituitary, signaling more TSH secretion.
b. Thyroxine will remain bound to thyroxine receptors on various body cells, and these body cells will secrete additional hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH.
c. Thyroxine that was stored in the anterior pituitary prior to thyroid gland removal will signal more TSH secretion.
d. A decrease in thyroxine levels means a loss of inhibition to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, leading to increased TSH secretion.
d. A decrease in thyroxine levels means a loss of inhibition to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, leading to increased TSH secretion.
100
An enzyme has a mutation where a hydrophobic amino acid is substituted for a hydrophilic answer. In ONE SENTENCE describe how this will affect the enzyme's function.
The enzyme will no longer be able to work on its substrate because its tertiary structure will be incorrect.
100
An experiment was run to determine the effect of glucose concentration on rotations of the Krebs cycle. What type of graph would best represent this data?
Line graph
200
Which macromolecule is shown below?
a. Lipid
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Carbohydrate
d. Protein
d. Protein
200
Living cells typically have biosynthetic pathways to synthesize at least some of the amino acids used in making proteins. Some strains of E. coli, a prokaryote, can synthesize the amino acid tryptophan, while other E. coli strains cannot. Similarly, some strains of the yeast S. cerevisiae, a eukaryote, can synthesize tryptophan, while other S. cerevisiae strains cannot.
Which of the following describes the most likely source of genetic variation found in the tryptophan synthesis pathways of both species?
a. Exchange of genetic information occurs through crossing over.
b. Viral transmission of genetic information required to synthesize tryptophan occurs.
c. Random assortment of chromosomes leads to genetic variation.
d. Errors in DNA replication lead to genetic variation.
d. Errors in DNA replication lead to genetic variation.
200
An African violet grower observes that genetically identical African violet plants growing near the walls of the greenhouse have white flowers, that plants growing farther away from the walls have pale blue flowers, and that plants growing nearest the center of the greenhouse have dark blue flowers.
Which of the following best explains the differences in flower color of the African violets in the greenhouse?
a. Warmer temperatures result in genotypic alterations, which result in flower color differences.
b. The plants along the walls of the greenhouse are homozygous recessive and therefore have white flowers.
c. An enzyme responsible for flower color does not fold correctly in cooler temperatures, and the greenhouse is warmest in the center.
d. More light is available along the walls of the greenhouse, so the flowers need less pigment to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.
c. An enzyme responsible for flower color does not fold correctly in cooler temperatures, and the greenhouse is warmest in the center.
200
A red blood cell (water potential of -0.8 bars) is submerged into a an IV solution (water potential of 0.2 bars). Predict what will happen to the red blood cell in ONE SENTENCE.
The red blood cell will swell slightly.
200
An experiment is performed to determine if there is a correlation between number of tree species in an area and number of frog species in an area. What type of graph would best represent this data?
Scatter plot
300
Which of the following types of membrane transport is responsible for moving molecules against their concentration gradient?
a. Facilitated Diffusion
b. Active Transport
c. Bulk Transport
d. Cotransport
b. Active Transport
300
A blue-flowered African violet of unknown ancestry self-pollinated and produced 50 seeds. These seeds germinate and grow into flowering plants. Of these plants, 36 produce blue flowers and 14 produce pink flowers. What is the best explanation for the pink-flowered offspring?
a. Blue flowers are incompletely dominant to pink flowers.
b. Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color.
c. Pink flower color is the result of somatic mutations in the flower color gene.
d. A previous generation of the blue-flowered parent must have included 50 percent pink flowered plants.
b. Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color.
300
Over several years, bacteria were isolated from members of a human population and tested for antibiotic resistance. The percent of bacterial isolates that were found to be antibiotic resistant is presented in the graph above for each year of the study. Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information presented in the graph?
a. The greatest increase in antibiotic resistance occurred from the first year to the third year of the study.
b. Gene flow in the population occurred at the same rate for the entire duration of the eight-year study.
c. Because evolution in bacterial populations occurs over millions of years, the results are due to random variation.
d. Natural selection over multiple generations is favoring antibiotic resistance in the population of bacteria.
d. Natural selection over multiple generations is favoring antibiotic resistance in the population of bacteria.
300
A species of bacteria is transformed to be able to produce insulin by using both the lac operon and the gene for insulin. In one sentence, predict and explain what will happen to the amount of insulin produced when there is no lactose given to the bacteria.
The bacteria will not produce any insulin, because transcription will continue to be blocked by the repressor, which is NOT removed by insulin (because it's not present).
300
An experiment is performed to determine which type of hormone - steroid or non-steroid - is responsible for the most signaling pathways in the body. Why type of graph would best represent this data?
Bar graph
400
When two populations have been separated from each other by a geographic barrier for a long enough time that they are now considered different species, it is referred to as...
a. Sympatric Speciation
b. Allopatric Speciation
c. Genetic Drift
d. Bottleneck Effect
b. Allopatric Speciation
400
According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from
a. photons of red or blue light
b. the hydrolysis of ATP
c. the breakdown of high-energy fatty acids in
the mitochondrial matrix
d. electrons flowing along the electron transport
chain
e. substrate-level phosphorylation
d. electrons flowing along the electron transport
chain
400
Different species of bumblebee compete for flower nectar in their ecosystem. While the flowers vary in the length of their petals, bumblebees vary in the length of a mouth part called a proboscis. Bumblebees demonstrate a preference for flowers that correspond to the length of their proboscis. Species with proboscises of similar length tend to occupy different areas. Species that live in the same area tend to have proboscises of different lengths.
Which of the following best explains the relationship between the different bumblebee species living in the same area?
a. The bumblebees have undergone allopatric speciation due to geographic isolation.
b. The bumblebees have undergone niche partitioning due to competition.
c. The bumblebees have a mutualistic relationship with other bumblebee species due to natural selection.
d. The bumblebees have a commensalistic relationship due to the variety of niches that are available.
b. The bumblebees have undergone niche partitioning due to competition.
400
In light of recent changes in average global temperatures, predict - in one sentence - how biodiversity along the equator will be impacted.
Biodiversity will decrease - many ecosystems along the equator are incredibly diverse and therefore full of specialists. They are highly sensitive to change.
400
Researchers chose to investigate whether or not there is a relationship between the salinity of ocean water and the biodiversity of kelp off the California coast. What type of graph would best represent this data?
Scatter plot
(you could convince me this is a line tho...)
500
Molecules necessary for the initiation of protein synthesis by the creation of mRNA are called...
a. Ligands
b. Receptors
c. Nucleotides
d. Transcription Factors
d. Transcription factors
500
Within the cell, many chemical reactions that, by themselves, require energy input (have a positive free-energy change) can occur because the reaction.
a. may be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP
b. take place very slowly
c. take place when the cells are at unusually high temperatures
d. are catalyzed by enzymes
e. are aided by various metal ions that act as catalysts
a. may be coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP
500
The relative location of four genes on a chromosome can be mapped from the following data on crossover frequencies
Which of the following represents the relative positions of these four genes on the chromosome?
a. ABCD
b. ADCB
c. CABD
d. CBAD
e. DBCA
c. CABD
500
Two species of bullfrog are introduced into an area. We know that organisms will avoid competition if they can. Predict one reasonable outcome to this situation.
Resource Partitioning
or
Competitive Exclusion
500
A researcher wants to determine how closely related four different species are based on the differences in a particular protein structure. What type of graph would best represent this data?
Bar graph