Unit 1 Chemistry of Life
This property of water allows it to stick to itself due to hydrogen bonding.
Cohesion
This is the basic unit of structure and function in all living organisms.
Cell
These proteins speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
Enzymes
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
mRNA
This scientist is known as the father of genetics and studied inheritance in pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
These biological macromolecules include sugars and starches, and are primarily used for short-term energy.
Carbohydrates
These organelles are the sites of protein synthesis and can be found floating freely or attached to the rough ER.
Ribosomes
This molecule is the main energy currency of the cell.
ATP
The process of copying DNA into RNA is called this.
Transcription
This term describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a gene.
This type of bond forms when electrons are shared between atoms.
Covalent bond
This structure is found in plant cells but not animal cells, and it provides rigidity and protection.
This stage of cellular respiration breaks glucose into pyruvate and occurs in the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis
This process, which occurs at the ribosome, translates mRNA into a sequence of amino acids.
Translation
This law states that allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation.
Law of Independent Assortment
Proteins are made of these monomers, which contain an amino group and a carboxyl group.
Amino Acids
These folded membranes within eukaryotic cells modify and package proteins for transport.
Golgi Apparatus
This process occurs in the chloroplast and converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
Photosynthesis
These segments of a gene are removed from pre-mRNA during RNA processing.
Introns
This diagram is used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
Punnett Square
This property of water helps moderate Earth's temperature and results from the energy needed to break hydrogen bonds.
High Specific Heat Capacity
This term describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
Osmosis
During cellular respiration, this stage produces the most ATP and uses an electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
This type of gene regulation involves turning genes on or off in response to environmental signals, and is commonly studied in prokaryotic operons like the lac operon.
Inducible Operon
This process during meiosis increases genetic variation by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Crossing over