Biochem
Proteins
Carbs
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Cell
Water, Potential, & Membrane
Energy
Enzymes
PS
CR
Cell Cycle
Cell Communication
100
molecules that vary in form or arrangement but contain same #/types of atoms
Isomers
100
Covalent bond between two amino acids
Peptide bond
100
Simplified formula of carbohydrates
C(H2O)
100
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotides
100
Components of a triglyceride
Glycerol & 3 Fatty Acids
100
Major difference between plant and animal cells
Cell wall, large central vacuole, chloroplast
100
Type of bond in water
Polar covalent
100
What is FAD+ used for?
electron acceptor
100
If Z inhibits Enzyme 2, which product would first build up in the cell?
X
100
Stage in which water is an input/lysed
Light reactions
100
Occurs in cytoplasm
Glycolysis
100
In human mitosis the resulting cell is Xn=46.
What is X?
2
100
signal released by cell has effect on neighboring cell
paracrine
200
Number of bonds formed by carbon
4
200
The structure of an amino acid
H
NH2 -C-COOH
R
200
double sugar
disaccharide
200
Purines
Adenine & Guanine
200
Molecule responsible for the insolubility of the cell membrane in water
Phospholipid
200
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Makes ribosomes
200
If you added sugar to water, would the water potential decrease or increase
decrease (more negative)
200
Where is ATP generated?
Chloroplast stroma and/or Mitochondrial matrix
200
Why would an enzyme be denatured in acidic conditions?
acid would interrupt the interaction between charged amino acids (tertiary structure)
200
What is the primary role of light in photosynthesis?
Light excites electrons in chlorophyll that are captured by the primary electron acceptor
200
Area in mitochondria with low pH
Intermembrane spaces
200
Stage in which DNA is copies
S
200
signaling in which hormones travel throughout body via the circulatory system
endocrine
300
Atoms that vary in the number of neutrons
Isotopes
300
Bonds stabilizing secondary structure
H
300
What is a condensation reaction?
The removal of water during the synthesis/formation of a polymer
300
# H bonds between C & G
3
300
Steroid affecting the fluidity of animal cell membranes
Cholesterol
300
In cells, what functions to give shape, enable movement, and anchor organelles
Microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate fibers
or Cytoskeleton
300
Most ideal SA:V ratio: 8:1, 4:1, 1:1
8:1
300
The oxygen consumed during respiration results in the production of?
H2O
300
Substance that changes shape of active site of an enzyme but is non-competitive
allosteric inhibitor
300
3 Inputs of Calvin Cycle
CO2, ATP, and NADPH
300
Location of Krebs Cycle
Matrix
300
What is a kinetochore?
Structure that links the centromere to spindle apparatus
300
3 stages to cell communication
1. Reception 2. Transduction 3. Response
400
chemical property of methyl group CH3
non-polar
400
Term for protein's native conformation changing
Denaturation
400
Why can we not digest cellulose?
We don't have the enzyme (to digest b-glucose)
400
term describing DNA running 5' -> 3' in opposite directions
antiparallel
400
Type of covalent bond present in triglycerides
Ester linkage
400
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes? (give 2 examples)
no nucleus, circular DNA, no membrane bound organelles, smaller
400
Type of transport in which molecules are pumped against their concentration gradient
Active
400
Two of the three types of work done by ATP
chemical, transport, mechanical
400
increase rate of reaction by decreasing this
activation energy
400
Most abundant enzyme on earth, capture CO2 in Calvin Cycle
Rubisco
400
Output of glycolysis
(2) pyruvates, (4) ATP, (2) NADH
400
Protein that regulate cell cycle
Cyclin
400
Enzyme that adds phosphate to a protein to activate it
Protein kinase
500
chemical property of phosphate group
polar
500
Three of the bonds stabilizing at tertiary level
H-bonds, ionic, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges
500
Name of covalent bond present in carbohydrates
Glycosidic linkage
500
Name of covalent bond in DNA backbone
phosphodiester linkage
500
Reason unsaturated fats are liquid at room temp
Double bonds between carbons
500
List the pathway for protein export in a cell
Ribosomes, rough ER, vesicle, (cis to trans) Golgi, vesicle, cell membrane
500
Appearance of plant cell placed in salt water
Plasmolyzed/shriveled
500
During respiration, ATP is formed as the direct result of the movement of this
H+ ions/protons down a concentration gradient
500
to overcome a competitive inhibitor, add this
substrate
500
What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory? State at least 2.
Mitochondria and/or chloroplasts contain circular DNA and prokaryotic-like ribosomes, double membrane, self replicate (binary fission), size of prokaryotes
500
Process to regenerate NAD+ when O2 isn't present
Fermentation
500
Two characteristics of cancer cells
Not density dependent, no anchorage dependence, metastasis
500
Type of ligand that can have an intracellular receptor
Steroid Hormone