Biochemistry
Cells and Transport
Cell Energetics
Cell Communication
Gene Expression and Regulation
100
The process by which macromolecules are joined together is called _______________ and the process where they are broken down is called ___________________.
What are dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
100
These are two examples of passive transport.
What are diffusion and osmosis?
100
This is an anaerobic process that produces a little ATP, includes glycolysis, and restores NAD+
What is fermentation?
100
Regulation during this prevents cell proliferation and cancer.
What is the cell cycle?
100
These are the three main enzymes involved in DNA replication.
What are DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase?
200
This property of water is a relative high value compared to other substances and allows for water to be an excellent temperature regulator.
What is specific heat?
200
This type of protein completely spans the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane.
What is an integral (or transmembrane) protein?
200
The process of using energy from a proton/H+ ion gradient to phosphorylate ADP with an inorganic phosphate group is known as ----.
What is chemiosmosis?
200
Type of communication in which signals act on cells near the secreting cell
What is paracrine?
200
These are the names of the fragments on the lagging strand of the replication fork during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
300
Amino acids are made up of these three groups.
What are the carboxyl group, amine group, and a variable (R) group?
300
This is the correct sequence of locations during the transport of proteins out of a cell.
What is the RER --> Golgi ---> vesicles ----> plasma membrane.
300
This is a step of cellular respiration that breaks down AcetylCoA to 2 carbon dioxide, 1 ATP, 3NADH, and 1 FADH2 molecules in mitochondrial matrix.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
300
A process that occurs upon completion of cell cycle checkpoints and creates four genetically unique cells
What is meiosis?
300
If the DNA strand to be transcribed is 3'-AAA TAA CCG GAC-5', this is the mRNA strand that is formed.
5'-UUU AUU GGC CUG-3'
400
This chemical reaction in a cell releases energy and is denoted with a negative delta "G"
What is an exergonic reaction?
400
This is what happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.
It becomes turgid because water has rushed into cell
400
This is a high energy electron carrier after reduction in photosynthesis (after they pick up electrons from ETC)
What is NADPH?
400
A protein kinase that is only active when attached to a particular cyclin that helps regulate the cell cycle
What is cyclin-dependent kinase?
400
This enzyme is used to catalyze the formation of DNA from RNA in HIV infections (and other retrovirus).
What is reverse transcriptase?
500
This type of inhibition occurs when a substrate binds to a site other than the active site to prevent enzyme catalysis.
What is allosteric inhibition?
500
This measurement has a maximum value of 0; it decreases as the concentration of a solute increases. (Be specific!)
What is solute potential?
500
During photosynthesis, an electron transport chain is used to _____.
What is transport electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I?
What is create a proton gradient?
500
An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase.
What is phosphatase?
500
Operons contain these three parts.
What are the operator, the promoter, and the structural genes?