Chocolate Chip
This type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
This structure is found in plant cells and maintains turgor pressure.
What is the central vacuole?
These biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What are enzymes?
This organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.
What is the chloroplast?
This type of signaling occurs when cells communicate using direct contact through cell junctions.
What is juxtacrine (direct contact) signaling?
The partial positive and partial negative charges on a water molecule make it this type of molecule.
What is a polar molecule?
This phospholipid structure forms the basic framework of all cell membranes.
What is the phospholipid bilayer?
This process uses vesicles to bring large molecules into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
This molecule stores and transfers energy within cells.
What is ATP?
This molecule binds to a receptor and initiates a signal transduction pathway.
What is a ligand?
This property of water allows it to resist temperature changes, helping maintain stable environments.
What is high specific heat?
This macromolecule provides long-term energy storage and is composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen.
What are lipids?
The folding of the inner membrane of this organelle increases surface area for ATP production.
What is the mitochondrion?
A change in temperature or pH can cause this to happen to an enzyme, reducing its function.
What is denaturation?
This type of receptor is located inside the cell and binds nonpolar signaling molecules.
What is an intracellular receptor?
This type of reaction builds larger molecules by removing water.
What is dehydration synthesis (condensation)?
Ribosomes attached to this organelle synthesize proteins destined for secretion.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
This process breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.
What is glycolysis?
This process produces oxygen as a byproduct of splitting water molecules.
What are the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
This second messenger amplifies signals in many signal transduction pathways.
What is cyclic AMP (cAMP)?
Monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids are all examples of these.
What are monomers?
This membrane protein moves substances across the membrane using ATP.
What is active transport (or a protein pump)?
The electron transport chain is located in this part of the mitochondrion.
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)?
This process allows damaged or unnecessary cells to self-destruct in a controlled manner.
What is apoptosis?
This checkpoint ensures DNA has been accurately replicated before mitosis begins.
What is the G₂ checkpoint?