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Natural Selection
Natural Selection
Hardy-Weinberg
Fun Facts on Evolution
Changes
100
Selection that favors BOTH of the extremes (or both homozygotes). A population of black, white and gray rabbits in an environment with black and white rocks could serve as an example of this. Black rabbits could hide in black rocks and white rabbits could hide in white rocks. The gray rabbits would have a hard time hiding anywhere.
What is disruptive selection?
100
Selection in which humans choose desirable traits and breed organisms accordingly.
What is artificial selection?
100
Fill in the blank: If a population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, it is __________.
What is not evolving?
100
Gene flow is a concept best used to describe an exchange between these.
What is a population?
100
The opposite of extinct, it means that a species still exists.
What is extant?
200
The disproportionate representation of a certain allele due to a population at one point being reduced to a select few individuals that had a high representation of this allele. The Askenazi Jews are an example of this. During WWII, their populations decreased significantly. By chance the remaining population had a high number of the allele that codes for the deadly disease, Tay-Sachs.
What is bottleneck effect?
200
A trait or behavior that helps one survive and reproduce in its environment.
What is an adaptation?
200
How you use the Hardy-Weinberg equations to determine if a population is evolving.
What is if p and q change over time?
200
What must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
What is genetic variation among individuals?
200
Evolutionary trees such as this are properly understood by scientists to be_______________
What is a hypothesis?
300
Selection that causes an increase in allele frequency of a specific allele, or one or the other of the homozygous genotypes. The increase of beak size in finches due to a high proportion of large seeds in an ecosystem could be considered an example of this.
What is directional selection?
300
The definition of evolutionary fitness.
What is the ability to survive and reproduce?
300
In corn, yellow kernel color is governed by a dominant allele; white, by its recessive allele. A random sample of 1,000 kernels from a population that is in equilibrium reveals that 910 are yellow and 90 are white. What are the frequencies of the yellow and white alleles in this population? What is the percentage of heterozygous in this population?
What is p=0.7, q=0.3? 42%?
300
Under particular circumstances that persisted for long periods, each of these structures in cave dwelling organisms presented greater costs than benefits.
What are eyes?
300
The wings of a bird and those of an insect are examples of what type of evolutionary similarities?
What is homology?
400
Selection that leads to a high proportion of heterozygotes due to the heterozygote advantage. Sickle cell is an example of this.
What is stabilizing selection?
400
The idea that parents can pass on traits acquired within their lifetime to their offspring was credited to Lamarck and long thought to be entirely incorrect. The emerging field of epigenetics is started to prove this concept may be somewhat true.
What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
400
Within a population of butterflies, the color brown (B) is dominant over the color white (b). And, 40% of all butterflies are white. Calculate the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals.
What is 0.135?
400
A defining characteristic that all protobionts had in common.
What is a surrounding membrane like structure?
400
A rapid method of speciation that has been important in the history of flowering plants
What is polyploidy?
500
The new study of genetics that may be adding legitimacy to Lamarck's theory.
What is epigenetics?
500
The fundamental difference between Darwin and Lamarck's theory of evolution.
What is the mechanism causing evolution--Lamark: use and disuse, Darwin:natural selection?
500
After graduation, you and 19 of your closest friends (lets say 10 males and 10 females) charter a plane to go on a round-the-world tour. Unfortunately, you all crash land (safely) on a deserted island. No one finds you and you start a new population totally isolated from the rest of the world. Two of your friends carry (i.e. are heterozygous for) the recessive cystic fibrosis allele (c). Assuming that the frequency of this allele does not change as the population grows, what will be the incidence of cystic fibrosis on your island?
What is 0.25%?
500
What piece of genetic evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?
What is that all organisms use the same genetic material?
500
If, on average, 34% of the loci in a species’ gene pool are heterozygous, then the average homozygosity of the species should be_________
What is 64%?