Cell Structure and Function
Genetics
Evolution
Ecology
Random
100

What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

A) Mitochondria

B) Nucleus

C) Golgi Apparatus

D) Ribosome

D) Ribosome

100

What process ensures genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material during prophase I of meiosis?

A) Crossing over

B) Independent assortment

C) Mitosis

D) Segregation

A) Crossing over

100

What is the term for structures that have reduced or no function in an organism but are remnants of functional structures in ancestors?

A) Vestigial Organs

B) Homologous Structures

C) Analogous Structures

D) Adaptive Radiation

A) Vestigial Organs

100

What is the primary source of energy for most ecosystems?

A) Sunlight

B) Water

C) Carbon Dioxide

D) Soil Nutrients

A) Sunlight

100

What is the role of the lac operon in prokaryotic gene regulation?

A) Replication initiation

B) RNA splicing

C) Protein synthesis regulation

D) DNA repair

C) Protein synthesis regulation

200

What organelle is responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP for the cell?

A) Endoplasmic Reticulum

B) Chloroplast

C) Nucleus

D) Mitochondria

D) Mitochondria

200

In humans, what is the genotype for a male individual?

A) XY

B) XX

C) YY

D) XXYY

A) XY

200

Which scientist came up with the theory of natural selection as a mechanism for evolution?

A) Gregor Mendel

B) Charles Darwin

C) Alfred Russel Wallace

D) Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

B) Charles Darwin

200

What is the term for the relationship between two species where one benefits while the other is neither harmed nor helped?

A) Mutualism

B) Parasitism

C) Commensalism

D) Predation

C) Commensalism

200

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels in humans?

A) Insulin

B) Glucagon

C) Cortisol

D) Thyroxine

A) Insulin

300

Which organelle is involved in detoxifying harmful substances in liver cells?

A) Lysosome

B) Peroxisome

C) Endoplasmic Reticulum

D) Golgi Apparatus

B) Peroxisome

300

What type of genetic mutation results in the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide leading to a shift in the overall sequence?

A) Point Mutation

B) Frameshift Mutation

C) Silent Mutation

D) Missense Mutation

B) Frameshift Mutation

300

What type of speciation happens when a physical barrier divides a population and leads to the formation of two distinct species?

A) Allopatric Speciation

B) Sympatric Speciation

C) Convergent Evolution

D) Divergent Evolution

A) Allopatric Speciation

300

What is the term for a group of organisms of the same species occupying a particular geographic area and capable of interbreeding?

A) Community

B) Population

C) Ecosystem

D) Biome

B) Population

300

In humans, what is the term for a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21?

A) Turner syndrome

B) Klinefelter syndrome

C) Down syndrome

D) Cystic fibrosis

C) Down syndrome

400

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A) Energy production

B) Protein synthesis

C) Regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell

D) Stores genetic information

C) Regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell

400

Which type of genetic inheritance involves the interaction of multiple genes to produce a single phenotype?

A) Incomplete Dominance

B) Codominance

C) Polygenic Inheritance

D) Epistasis

C) Polygenic Inheritance

400

What is the name of the process by which unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures?

A) Convergent evolution

B) Divergent evolution

C) Parallel evolution

D) Adaptive radiation

A) Convergent evolution

400

What is the term for a species that plays a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem structure and function, often with a disproportionate effect on the community relative to its abundance?

A) Keystone species

B) Indicator species

C) Pioneer species

D) Invasive species

A) Keystone species

400

What is the primary function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

A) Electron transport

B) Substrate-level phosphorylation

C) Oxidative phosphorylation

D) Glycolysis regulation

C) Oxidative phosphorylation

500

Which cell structure's PRIMARY responsibility is involved in maintaining cell shape and providing structural support?

A) Nucleus

B) Cytoskeleton

C) Endoplasmic Reticulum

D) Golgi Apparatus

B) Cytoskeleton

500

What is the term for the specific location of a gene on a chromosome?

A) Allele

B) Locus

C) Homologous Chromosome

D) Centromere

B) Locus

500

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon known as "heterochrony" in evolutionary biology?

A) It refers to the process of rapid speciation in response to environmental changes.

B) It describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to convergent evolution.

C) It involves changes in the timing or rate of developmental events, leading to evolutionary changes.

D) It represents the formation of new species through hybridization and genetic recombination.

C) It involves changes in the timing or rate of developmental events, leading to evolutionary changes.

500

In a trophic pyramid, which level typically has the highest energy content per unit area?

A) Primary producers

B) Primary consumers

C) Secondary consumers

D) Tertiary consumers

A) Primary producers

500

What hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in mammalian females?

A) Estrogen

B) Progesterone

C) Prolactin

D) Oxytocin

C) Prolactin