Molecules Of Life
What is the charge of an electron?
-1
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
What type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
protein
How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?
46
What is the difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?
active transport requires ATP, facilitated diffusion needs a protein from H-->L
What must be present in an organic compound?
Carbon and hydrogen
What is the function of lysosomes?
Breaks down waste materials using digestive enzymes
What causes denaturation?
Temperature and pH
Which enzyme adds nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase
What is responsible for adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension?
hydrogen bonding
3 components of a DNA nucleotide
Deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group
Where do proteins get modified before they leave the cell?
What is an allosteric inhibitor?
Reduces the function of the enzyme by binding to somewhere other than the active site
In an inducible operon, is the repressor bound or unbound to the operator?
Bound
List the 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
1. Large population
2. Random mating
3. No mutations
4. No migration / gene flow
5. No natural selection
What makes a fat saturated?
Completely filled with hydrogen atoms / single bonds
What gets produced during glycolysis?
pyruvate and 2 ATP
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
Lowers the activation energy
What is the difference between Anaphase I and Anaphase II in meiosis?
Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes seperate
Anaphase II: Sister chromatids seperate
What is the promoter region of a eukaryotic gene?
TATA Box
What type of bond is formed between two sugars?
glycosidic bond
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur during photosynthesis?
thylakoid membrane
What interactions are found in the secondary structure of an enzyme? (Hint: Name 3)
R group interactions, hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds
Name the 3 pre-mRNA modifications for eukaryotic transcription
1. 5' cap
2. 3' Poly-A tail
3. RNA splicing (exons & introns)
What is the role of ethanol in alcoholic fermentation?
A final electron acceptor to oxidize NADH to NAD+