Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
Where do cellular respiration and photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplast
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis and meiosis?
2 and 4
In simple dominance, heterozygous individuals express the _______ trait.
Dominant
What are the 4 groups of organic molecules?
Carboydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins
What is it called when a population's genetic makeup is changed by the introduction of outside individuals?
Gene flow
What does photosynthesis turn into chemical energy?
Solar energy
In what phase do the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
Metaphase
Two heterozygous parents have what percentage chance of producing a heterozygous offspring?
50%
What is a protein that acts as a biological catalyst?
Enzymes
Random changes in population dynamics, not caused by any selective pressure, are known as what?
Genetic drift
What molecule provides all biological energy?
ATP
What are the 4 phases of mitosis, in order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
50%
What is the measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions?
pH scale
What kind of structures are evidence of convergent evolution?
Analogous
What is the photosynthetic equation?
6CO2 + 6H2O + LIGHT > C6H12O6 + 602
What is it known as when the cytoplasm pinches in half?
Cytokinesis
A mutation causes the changing of a single amino acid in a protein. What kind of mutation is this?
Point
Name the three processes of the central dogma of biology, as well as what goes into and comes out of them.
Replication: DNA makes DNA
Transcription: DNA makes RNA
Translation: RNA makes Protein
What kind of selection favors moderate phenotypes over extreme ones?
Stabilizing
What does the electron transport chain use as the final electron acceptor when producing ATP? (Hint: it is an aerobic process)
Oxygen
In what phase is DNA replicated?
S phase
A mutation causes a protein that is normally 36 amino acids long to be 75 amino acids long. What kind of mutation is this?
Frameshift (or Missense)
What forms hydrogen ions in solution?
Acids
What kind of selection favors both extremes in a phenotype over the moderate version?
Disruptive