Unit 3
The target molecule for an enzyme
What is a substrate?
The chemical message received by a communicating cell
What is a ligand?
HSA 1-22 are referred to as this
What are autosomes?
The bond that joins together complementary nucleotides in a strand of DNA
What is an intermolecular hydrogen bond?
The motto of this Darwinian theory is "survival of the fittest"
What is natural selection?
The molecule that helps refold denatured proteins
What is a chaperonin?
cAMP is a common example of this signaling molecule
What is a secondary messenger?
This structure forms when homologous chromosomes touch and undergo recombination
What is chiasmata?
Extrachromosomal DNA that exists outside of a host's nucleus is called this
What is a plasmid?
This type of genetic drift occurs when a pioneer species migrates to a previously uninhabited region
What is the founder effect?
NADP+ is reduced to form NADPH at this photosynthetic transmembrane protein
What is Photosystem I?
The peripheral protein responsible for initiating a cellular response due to GPCR activation
What is a G Protein?
The precise attachment point of spindle fibers on a chromsome
What is a kinetochore?
This enzyme helps relieve DNA supercoiling ahead of the replication fork
What is topoisomerase?
This region within genes is found exclusively in eukaryotes, providing evidence for a common eukaryotic ancestor
What is an intron?
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
Mothers secrete prolactin to create breast milk via this type of feedback mechanism
What is positive feedback?
In this pattern of inheritance, a cat receives spots or stripes in its fur
What is codominance?
In alternative splicing, these are considered non-coding regions of mRNA
What are introns?
This prezygotic barrier occurs when two species are unable to produce a hybrid due to differences in mating seasons
What is temporal isolation?
H+ move from the intermembrane space to the matrix during this phase of aerobic respiration
What is chemiosmosis?
These are separated from one another during anaphase
This term describes genes that encode for multiple traits or proteins
What is pleiotropy?
A gene that usually encodes for proteins suddenly stops doing so when bound by this regulatory molecule
What is a repressor?
This speciation event occurs when populations exist in similar, overlapping environments
What is sympatric speciation?