Chemistry of Life
This type of molecule occurs because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to an unequal distribution of electrons
What are polar molecules?
These are the four biological macromolecules.
What are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids?
This is a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
What is an enzyme?
These macromolecules give the plasma membrane its fluidity.
What are phospholipids?
This form of cell signaling occurs over long distances.
What is endocrine?
This occurs when a collection of hydrogen bonds forms between water molecules.
What is cohesion?
This is the semipermeable barrier that controls what enters and leaves a cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
This is the reaction when compounds combine with the elimination of water.
What is a dehydration reaction?
This is a molecule moving from an area of high concentration to an area lower concentration.
What is diffusion?
What are G protein-coupled receptors?
Forms when the slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule.
What is a hydrogen bond?
The atomic ratio of this macromolecule are C- 1, H- 12, O- 6.
What is a carbohydrate?
A reaction that absorbs free energy from the surroundings.
What is an endergonic reaction?
This structure prevents plants from bursting due to excess water intake.
What is the cell wall?
A cell membrane receptor that utilizes enzymes.
What is a tyrosine kinase?
This property explains the ability of a water strider to walk on water.
What is surface tension?
A molecule that has two fatty acids attached to a glycerol, with the third hydroxyl of the glycerol attached to another molecule.
What is a phospholipid?
How enzymes speed up reactions.
What is by lowering the activation energy?
Amphipathic proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.
What is the fluid-mosaic model?
The role of cyclic AMP, calcium ions and inositol triphosphate in cell signaling.
What is a second messenger?
A substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution.
What is a buffer?
Cellulose is an example of this type of molecule.
What is a storage polysaccharide?
A process occurring with a negative ∆G.
What is a spontaneous reaction?
The transmembrane structures responsible for maintaining cross-membrane electrical potential.
What are ion pumps?
The response of a particular cell to a signal depends on its particular collection of these.
What are proteins (signal receptor proteins, relay proteins, and proteins to carry out the response)?