DNA/Gene Expression
The acetylation of these molecules unwinds DNA and allows transcription.
This multi-unit enzyme synthesizes RNA molecules from a template of DNA after binding to a promoter.
What is RNA polymerase?
While post-zygotic barriers are related to the inability of the hybrid to survive/reproduce (reduced viability or fertile offspring), these barriers prevent fertilization, including habitat, temporal, and behavioral isolation.
What are pre-zygotic barriers?
(make sure to know examples of all types of these barriers)
In this ecological relationship, one benefits and the other is unaffected.
What is commensalism?
This under-credited female scientist, alongside Watson and Crick, was instrumental in discovering the double-helix structure of DNA.
Who was Rosalind Franklin?
This technique is used to separate fragments of DNA based on the fragments' size and polarity.
What is gel electrophoresis?
This three-nucleotide sequence attached to the end of tRNA ensures that the correct amino acid is attached in the order corresponding to the mRNA sequence.
What is an anticodon?
These features of different species are similar in function but not necessarily in structure and do not derive from a common ancestral feature.
What are analogous structures?
A vulture is the only animal in its community that eats decaying organisms, an example of this, a specific position or role in the community that an organism fills.
These are the other 3 cells produced in oogenesis, meiosis that forms egg cells, that get only a tiny amount of cytoplasm and eventually degenerate and are absorbed into the fourth, primary cell.
What are polar bodies?
While the leading strand is synthesized continuously from the 5' to 3' end, the lagging strand must be broken into these pieces and linked together by DNA ligase.
What are Okazaki fragments?
The removal of these segments of RNA allow different proteins to be translated from the same sequence of DNA.
What are introns?
This is the location where Charles Darwin observed finches and determined his theory of evolution.
What are the Galapagos Islands?
Aulus Umbricius Scarus remarkably survived the volcanic eruption of Pompeii. All that was left of the area was bare igneous rock. To celebrate his luck, he went to a nearby forest and chopped down every tree he could find to build a new mansion, eventually clearing two acres of trees. Aulus loved to collect colonies of lichen from what was Pompeii. Decades later, John Scarus went to visit his great-grandfather Aulus's mansion, but was surprised to see it covered in shrubs in an example of this ecological event.
What is secondary succession?
This is the approximate number of molecules in a mole, also known as Avogadro's number.
What is 6.022 × 10²³?
This is an inducible operon that encodes enzymes for the metabolism of the sugar lactose.
What is the lac operon?
This sequence of RNA would result from the following antisense strand: 3' TACACTG 5'
What is 5' AUGUGAC 3' ?
(Antisense = Template = Noncoding)
(Sense = Non-template = Coding)
This principle (name AND equation) states that in a population with no evolutionary influence, the long run relative frequencies of a given gene/allele will stablize according to a standard formula.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg Equation?
(p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1)
The kangaroo has evolved to have only one offspring at a time, investing its time and resources to maintain their kid until it matures, and example of this type of reproductive strategy.
What is k-selection?
Due to the presence of telomerease, these cells are able to produce new telomeres for every cycle of mitosis, preventing genetic deterioration. These immortal cells have baffled scientists, and have sparked many scientific discoveries--and lawsuits.
Werner Syndrome is worsened by the cells' inability to isolate single stranded DNA, which is caused by a mutation in this protein.
What is helicase?
What is the TATA box?
This phenomenon is an explanation for genetic drift involving a sudden change in environment that reduces the size of population.
What is the bottleneck effect?
Bill Nye notices the plants around his yard have started to grow and wrap around his fence, an example of this plant behavior.
What is thigmotropism?
(also know photo- and gravito-)
These are the eight taxonomic categories in order from broadest to most specified.
What is:
DOMAIN, KINGDOM, PHYLUM, CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, GENUS, SPECIES?
(you don't need to memorize this)