AP Biology Semester 1

Phases of Mitosis

100

What are the 4 phases of mitosis in order?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

200

Name the phase: Cell organelles start to re-build and the newly-formed daughter cells begin to take shape for their own interphase. Nuclear envelopes develop around the genetic material at each pole, the chromosomes unwind and return to loosely-floating chromatin, and the nucleoli appear once more

Telophase

300

During metaphase, the fully-formed chromosomes are aligned by the microtubules at the center of the cell in a plane known as?

The metaphase plate

400

Which phase features the formation of mitotic spindle fibers?

Prophase

500

Name the phase: The split chromatids are pulled to the poles of the cell via the shortening of the microtubules. At the end of this phase, each pole contains a complete set of identical chromosomes

Anaphase

Mitosis Vocabulary

100

Centromere

A specialized condensed region of each chromosome that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape (the middle part)

200

Karyotype

The appearance of the chromosomal makeup of a somatic cell in an individual or species

300

Cleavage Furrow

the first sign of cytokinesis during cell division in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

400

Cytokinesis

The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.

500

Density-dependent Inhibition

The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another.

Stages of Interphase

100

Mitosis is sometimes referred to as? (What phase)

M phase

200

What is the G0 phase?

When a cell exits the active cell cycle and doesn’t prepare to divide, either permanent or temporary

300

What does the “S” stand for in the “S-Phase” and what happens during this phase (Hint: DNA) ?

Synthesis phase, DNA is duplicated

400

Which phase results in many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division being produced?

G2 phase

500

What is the other name for the G0 phase? (Hint: NOT the “non-dividing phase”)

Quiescent Phase

Big Ideas

100

What happens if a cell loses the ability to control its growth rate?

Cancer

200

Why does DNA replication occur before mitosis begins?

So that each daughter cell can have a complete and identical set of chromosomes during mitosis.

300

A cell exposed to a chemical that prevents spindle fiber formation enters mitosis. Predict which stage will be disrupted and how.

Metaphase will be disrupted because spindle fibers cannot attach to kinetochores, which will prevent proper alignment and separation of sister chromatids.

400

How to cell cycle checkpoints regulate mitosis?

They monitor DNA integrity and spindle attachment by preventing progression of damaged DNA, which reduces mutations.

500

If chromosomes align normally at the metaphase plate but daughter cells frequently exhibit unequal chromosome numbers after cell division, identify the failure.

Improper separation of sister chromatids during anaphase

AP Past Questions

100

A mouse skin cell containing \[40\] chromosomes undergoes mitosis. This process results in the formation of

Choose 1 answer:

• A
  four daughter nuclei, each with 40 chromosomes 
  
  
• B
  four daughter nuclei, each with 20 chromosomes 
  chromosomes
• C
  two daughter nuclei, each with 40 chromosomes
  
  
• D
  two daughter nuclei, each with 20 chromosomes
  
  

• C
  two daughter nuclei, each with 40 chromosomes

200

The image below depicts a somatic cell nucleus before DNA replication:

If the cell undergoes mitosis, which of the following correctly depicts the daughter nuclei that would result?

• A

  
  
  

• 
  

• B
  B
  
  
  
  
  

• C
  
  

• D —. NONE OF THE ABOVE
  
  

None of the above.
There would be two identical daughter cells.

300

A student is examining an onion root tip cell under a microscope. Based on her observations, the student proposes that the onion root tip cell has completed interphase and is now in the first phase of mitosis. 

Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the student’s claim?

Choose 1 answer:

• A
  The cell’s DNA is dispersed within the nucleus as chromatin. 
• B
  Separated sister chromatids are being pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
• C
  Discrete chromosomes are scattered throughout the cell’s nucleus. 
• D
  The cell’s chromosomes are aligned across the metaphase plate.

• C
  Discrete chromosomes are scattered throughout the cell’s nucleus. 

400

In response to critically low nutrient levels, yeast cells often enter into a dormant, non-dividing state. This state allows yeast cells to survive until nutrient levels are restored, at which point the cells typically re-enter the cell cycle.

According to the information above, critically low nutrient levels cause yeast cells to

Choose 1 answer:

• A
  transition into mitosis
• B
  transition from G0 to G1 phase
• C
  transition into meiosis
• D
  transition from G1 to G0 phase

D. Transition from G1 to G0 phase

500

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission?
a. Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms.

b. Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes.

c. Cell division would be faster than binary fission.

d. Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication.

e. Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.

B!!