Unit 1 - Chemistry of Life
This type of fatty acid lacks carbon-carbon double bonds and is solid at room temperature.
Saturated fatty acids
This organelle modifies and packages membrane proteins for export.
Golgi
ATP synthase produces ATP using this electrochemical force.
Proton gradient
These chemical messengers travel in the bloodstream to distant target cells.
Hormones
This macromolecule is built from monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds.
Carbohydrates
This is how CO₂ crosses the membrane down its concentration gradient.
Simple diffusion
The oxygen gas released during photosynthesis comes from?
Water
Thyroxin inhibits TSH secretion, demonstrating this regulatory mechanism.
Negative feedback
What is the sugar difference that distinguishes DNA from RNA.
This type of transport moves glucose into cells using carrier proteins without requiring ATP.
Facilitated diffusion
What molecule is directly produced at the end of glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Activated platelets recruit more platelets during clotting, demonstrating this mechanism.
Positive feedback
A dehydration reaction between two amino acids forms this covalent bond.
Peptide
A contractile vacuole pumps more water when the external solution becomes more concentrated. Why?
More water enters the cell due to being hypertonic to the environment
DCPIP stays blue in a foil-covered tube because this process cannot occur.
Light-dependent electron transport
This regulatory protein complex allows a cell to pass through checkpoints only when the correct signals are present, such as entering mitosis once specific levels are reached.
Cyclin CDK complex
This protein level is disrupted when beta sheets fail to form.
Secondary
Increasing a cell’s surface area–to–volume ratio improves this essential cellular process.
Exchange of materials such as nutrients and waste
Why do brown fat mitochondria generate heat instead of ATP
Uncoupled respiration
Steroid hormones bind inside the cell and trigger this process, increasing production of specific proteins.
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