The Study of Life
What is a characteristic that is not present in all living things?
homeostasis and regulation
metabolism
nucleus containing DNA
reproduction
c. nucleus containing DNA
What happens to the pH of a solution when acids are added?
The pH of the solution decreases.
The pH of the solution increases.
The pH of the solution increases and then decreases.
The pH of the solution stays the same.
a. The pH of the solution decreases.
what are the four major classes of biological macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes during protein synthesis
messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is a phylogenetic tree used to show?
used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell. What does this mean for making bonds?
can form four bonds
Cellulose and starch are examples of ________.
disaccharides
lipids
monosaccharides
polysaccharides
d. polysaccharides
very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together
van der Waals interaction
Which of the following structures is conserved in all living organisms and points to a common origin?
All living organisms have mitochondria that produce energy.
All living organisms store genetic material in DNA/RNA.
All living organisms use the energy from sunlight
All living organisms have a nucleus.
b. All living organisms store genetic material in DNA/RNA.
What properties make water critical to maintaining life?
Must name atleast 3
polar molecule
forms hydrogen bonds
allow ions and other polar molecules to dissolve in water (solvent)
exhibits a high heat of vaporization
What is removed during the formation of nucleic acid polymers?
carbon
hydroxyl groups
phosphates
amino acids
c. phosphates
a simple sugar that is a component of ________ and an ingredient in many staple foods
starch
Name the 8 key properties all living organisms share
order
sensitivity or response to stimuli
reproduction
growth and development
regulation
homeostasis
energy processing
Discuss how buffers help prevent drastic swings in pH.
Buffers absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions to prevent increases or decrease in pH. An example is the bicarbonate system in human body.
Buffers absorb extra hydrogen ions to prevent increases or decreases in pH. An example is the bicarbonate system in the human body.
Buffers absorb excess hydroxide ions to prevent increases or decreases in pH. An example of that is the bicarbonate system in the human body.
Buffers absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions to prevent increases or decreases in pH. An example of that is carbonate system in human body.
a. Buffers absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions to prevent increases or decrease in pH. An example is the bicarbonate system in human body.
describe the key difference between hydrolysis and dehydration reactions.
dehydration reactions involve the formation of new bonds, requiring energy, while hydrolysis reactions break bonds and release energy
_________are molecules with the same molecular formula (i.e., same kinds and numbers of atoms), but different molecular structures resulting in different properties or functions.
_________ are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
isomers
isotopes
What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning?
Inductive reasoning uses particular results to produce general scientific principles.
Deductive reasoning is a form of logical thinking that predicts results by applying general principles.
Compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated triglycerides
a. Saturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are liquid at room temperature
b.Saturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are liquids at room temperature.
c. Saturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are solid at room temperature.
d. Saturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are liquid at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are solid at room temperature.
a. Saturated triglycerides contain single bonds and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated triglycerides contain double bonds and are liquid at room temperature
look at image A
What were Stanley Miller and Harold Urey modeling with this experiment? In other words, what were they testing to see?
test if organic molecules could form from simpler molecular precursors believed to exist very early in Earth’s history
What are the four major types of lipids?
Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids