Water
What is the name of the attraction between the partially negative charge of one water molecule and the partially positive charge of another water molecule?
Hydrogen bond
True or False: Carbon has the capacity to form polar Covalent bonds with Hydrogen
False (electronegativity between H and C is minimally small)
Fill in the Blank: An organic compound that is composed of Carbon, Hydrogen,and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 Ratio is known as a __________.
Carbohydrate
What are the linkages between the monomers of proteins called?
Peptide bonds
If the pH of a solution is decreased from 7 to 6, what does it mean in terms of the H+ concentration?
The H+ concentration increased by 10x.
Why is ice less dense than liquid water?
Due to hydrogen bonds maximizing the distance between water molecules, therefore is less dense than liquid water.
BONUS: through which reaction do polymers utilize to become monomers?
BONUS: Hydrolysis
Name the 3 types of Lipids
Fats (Triglycerides), phospholipids, and steroids
Name the 3 differences that RNA has compared to DNA.
Single stranded, Uracil (U), Ribose sugar
Q: How many different kinds of amino acids exist?
BONUS: Name the 4 types of Amino Acids (they can be categorized into).
A: 20
BONUS: Nonpolar, Polar, Acidic, and Basic
Why is water such an excellent solvent? Provide the reason and the action.
Its a polar molecule, and it can surround and dissolve ionic and polar molecules.
Name 3 Characteristics of Carbon.
4 Valence Electrons, can form single/double/triple bonds, can form long chains, vital element in life
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
double bond between C and C in an unsaturated fatty acid
What are the names of the 2 distinct groups of the ends of any amino acids?
Carboxyl and Amino (Amine)
Which types of biological molecules utilize dehydration synthesis to be formed?
All of them
What are buffers? Name an example.
Buffers: substances that minimize change in pH. Ex: blood plasma (Carbonic Acid, H2CO3)
What are Isomers? Give an example.
Isomers: molecules that have same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement resulting in different properties.
ex: Glucose and Fructose (C6H12O6)
What are the 2 types of Polysaccharides?
BONUS: Name an example of each polysaccharide.
Energy Storage and Structural support
BONUS: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, Chitin
Define Denaturation and the 4 ways Denaturation can occur.
When a molecule (protein) loses its shape and function due to a disturbance.
4 Causes: Temperature change, change in pH, change salt concentration, change in environmental factors.
Which of the 2 biological macro-molecules require phosphorous?
Nucleic Acids and certain lipids (phospholipids)
The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by joining glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
C60H102O51
Name each chemical group displayed below:
1.-OH
2.-COOH
3.--CH3
1. Hydroxyl
2. Carboxyl
3. Methyl
What is the difference between an alpha and a beta linkage in a carbohydrate?
beta: the linkages are zigzagged (up --> down)
What kind of sugar is in a nucleotide?
Hint: the sugar is both Deoxyribose and ribose.
Pentose (5-Carbon) Sugar
A globular blood protein that transports vitamin A is 127 amino acids longs. How many water molecules were produced in the synthesis of the protein, and by what chemical process were the amino acids joined together?
126 water molecules
dehydration synthesis