Passive Transport
In which direction do substances move during passive transport?
[High] to [Low]
What is required in order to do active transport?
ATP
What component of the cell membrane provides support and in embedded within the membrane?
Cholesterol
What is the purpose of the endomembrane system?
to build and transport proteins in or out of the cell
What does simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion have in common?
Move from [high] to [low]
What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
Pino-small molecules(cell drinking)
Phago-Large molecules(cell eating)
What 2 components of the cell membrane are amphipathic?
Phospholipids & proteins
What organelles are involved in this system?
Rough ER, golgi, vesicles/vacuoles/lysosomes, cell membrane
If a substance diffusing across the cell membrane reaches equilibrium, do molecules still cross the cell membrane?
Yes, there is no longer a NET movement
What type of cells in the human body would you expect to be doing lots of phagocytosis?
Macrophages
Why is surface area important?
more reactions occur with more surface area.
Where are ribosomes made and where do they hang out?
Made in the nucleolus, hang out on the ER or in the cytoplasm.
What is the movement of particles with the concentration gradient using protein "helpers"?
Facilitated Transport
Nerve cells have a large number of sodium-potassium pumps embedded in their membranes. What would the concentration of Na+ ions and K+ ions be like inside and outside the cell?
inside = high [K+] and low [Na+]
Outside = low [K+] and high[Na+]
What are the 2 types of carbohydrates in the cell membrane and what is their function?
Glycoproteins and glycolipids - fingerprint of the cell. Communication, identification.
If the golgi apparatus was damaged on the cis face, coordination with which organelle would most likely be affected?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
What are the three types of solutions for osmosis and what is the flow of water?
Isotonic - No net movement
Hypertonic - Out of the cell (shrinks)
Hypotonic - Into the cell (swells)
Explain why there is a negative membrane potential in a nerve cell.
More positive ions are pumped out rather than in.
What are the 6 different types of membrane proteins?
Channel, carrier, cell recognition, receptor, enzymatic and junction
Where are the lipids made in the endomembrane system and what are thy used for?
Smooth ER - make up the phospholipids