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Cell structure and membrane (6+7)
Cell communication (11)
Cell cycle/mitosis(12)
Metabolism/Respiration (8+9)
Photosynthesis (10)
100
What are lysosomes? What is their purpose?
to digest things (clean-up crew for the cell)
100
What is a signal transduction pathway?
The process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted to a specific cellular response.
100
What is the final end result of mitosis?
2 genetically identical (diploid) daughter cells
100
Does aerobic or anaerobic respiration produce more ATP?
aerobic
100
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6H2O + light energy --> C6H12O6 + O2
200
Name one difference between vacuoles in animal cells and vacuoles in plant cells.
Usually one big one in plants-also plays a part in structure/turgid pressure, can be multiple smaller ones in animals-mostly just for storage
200
What is Paracrine signaling?
When a cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator in extracellular fluid.
200
What happens during interphase? Is this a part of the overall cell cycle or just mitosis/meiosis?
chromosome replication, cell growth, This is part of the overall cell cycle, NOT cell division.
200
What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways?
catabolic reactions break down molecules anabolic reactions build larger molecules from smaller ones
200
Where does most photosynthesis occur in plants? (specific tissue in the leaf)
mesophyll
300
What is a ribosome? What is its function?
an organelle that is the site of translation (protein synthesis)
300
What is synaptic signaling?
Where a nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules in a synapse, stimulating the target cell.
300
What are the 5 stages of mitosis in order?
Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
300
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
in the matrix of the mitochondria
300
What is the light reaction and where does it occur?
first step of photosynthesis-provide energy to run calvin cycle, occurs in thylakoid of chloroplast
400
In passive transport, no energy is used to move substances across a membrane. How do they move without energy?
The molecules are able to move from an area of high to an area of low concentration via diffusion along a gradient.
400
What are the three phases of signal transduction?
1. reception 2. transduction 3. response
400
What is cytokinesis?
When the cell's cytoplasm splits at the end of telophase
400
What are the three steps of cellular respiration in order?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), ETC
400
What is the Calvin Cycle and where does it occur in the chloroplast?
2nd step of photosynthesis-uses energy from light reactions and CO2 to make carbohydrates, occurs in stroma of chloroplast
500
Why do mitochondria have cristae (highly folded inner membranes)?
to increase surface area resulting in a higher production of ATP
500
What is a Phosphorylation Cascade?
A series of different molecules in a pathway are phosphorylated in turn, each molecule adding a phosphate group to the next one in line.
500
What is binary fission?
A process very similar to mitosis that some prokaryotes use to reproduce
500
What is the overall reaction for cellular respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
500
What are the three main pigments involved in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids