Enzymes
An enzyme is which type of macromolecule?
protein
This type of energy is a form of potential energy stored in bonds between atoms:
Chemical energy
Cellular respiration is the process of oxidizing (breaking down) _________ to produce _______.
glucose ; ATP
Photoautotrophs use energy from _______ to synthesize simple sugars
the sun
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis take place in which organelles, respectively?
mitochondria and chloroplast
Enzymes function by:
acting as catalyst to speed up the rate of a reaction
Which molecule stores lots of chemical energy in its weak bonds between phosphate groups?
ATP
This molecule is made throughout multiple steps of cellular respiration and carries high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
NADH
The carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis comes from which other cellular process?
cellular respiration
High-energy electrons in the ETC pump protons _______ their electrochemical gradient.
against
The alternative site on an enzyme that the substrate does not bind to is called the:
allosteric site
What is the term for a measure of disorder in a system?
entropy
Name a type of anaerobic respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation, ethanol fermentation
What are the products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
The Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis is light-__________
independent
Enzymes speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering the _________________ of the reaction.
activation energy
Reactions with a negative change in free energy are:
exergonic (spontaneous)
What is the name of the enzyme that uses energy from proton flow to synthesize ATP through chemiosmosis?
ATP synthase
These are large proteins complexes containing chlorophyll that absorb light energy and excite electrons.
photsystems
A reaction where smaller molecules use energy to make a bigger molecule is a _________ reaction.
anabolic
In extreme conditions (temp, pH), enzymes can denature, meaning they lose their ________ structure.
tertiary
Using energy from a spontaneous reaction to drive a non-spontaneous reaction is called:
energetic coupling
What are the 4 steps of aerobic respiration?
1. Glycolysis
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
3. Citric Acid Cycle
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
What are the products of the light reactions that provide energy for the Calvin Cycle in photosynthesis?
ATP and NADPH
A molecule binds to the active site of an enzyme and decreases its activity (prevents it from catalyzing reactions). What type of molecule is this?
competitive inhibitor