Enzymes
What is the main function of enzymes?
To speed up reactions & to decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.
What is the formula for photosynthesis? Label reactants and products.
6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Reactants then products
Write the formula for cellular respiration. Label reactants and products.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
What are redox reactions?
OIL RIG
What do organic molecules have that inorganic molecules do not have?
Carbon
What are the two types of metabolic pathways?
Describe them.
Catabolic - breaking large molecules into smaller molecules
Anabolic - building large molecules from small molecules
Do short wavelengths of light produce higher or lower energy?
Higher
When I say that NADH and FADH2 are energy-carrying molecules, what does that mean that they have in them? (Hint: don't put energy)
Electrons!
What are the 2 forms of energy in Photosynthesis (other than light energy)?
NADPH and ATP
Mrs. Lu has 2 middle names. Write down the letter that you think one of them starts with.
R or M
Describe the difference between the active site vs the allosteric site on an enzyme.
The active site is where the substrate would bind to the enzyme.
The allosteric site is where allosteric inhibitors and activators can bind to change the shape of the active site.
Explain excited states vs ground states for electrons in the LD reaction.
Excited electrons have been hit with a photon which makes them bounce around and go down the ETC in the thylakoid membrane. The ground state is when an electron has not had light energy and is more calm.
What is the final electron acceptor? And what does it create when it accepts electrons and hydrogens?
Oxygen
It creates H2O from gaining 2 electrons and 2 hydrogens
What are the 2 types of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid and alcohol fermentation
Where did Mrs. Lu get her Master's degree from?
Tennessee Wesleyan University
Describe the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
Exergonic reactions release energy and yield simple products.
Endergonic reactions absorb energy and yield complex molecules.
What wavelength of light does PSII take in? What wavelength of light does PSI take in?
PSII is at 680nm and PSI is at 700nm
Write how much ATP is made during glycolysis, krebs cycle, and ETC.
2, 2, 26-28
What is the major difference between C3, C4, and CAM plants?
C3 plants stomata stay open most of the time unless they fully close, C4 plants can partially close their stomata, and CAM plants open their stomata at night.
C4 plants store their sugar molecules in 4-C sugars rather than 3-C sugars.
What are the 4 nitrogenous bases for RNA?
GUAC
What does it mean for the enzyme to have an induced fit? Draw an example.
The enzyme purposefully changes the shape of its active site to better bind to the substrate.
How does the Calvin Cycle work? Use the following to help describe it: CO2, RuBP, PGA, G3P, and glucose
1 molecule of CO2 combines with 5-C RuBP which is unstable. Gets split into 3-C PGA (still unstable), then is made into 3-C G3P, then 2 G3P molecules are combined to make glucose.
It takes 3 cycles to get 6 molecules of G3P. 1 gets to leave, and 5 have to regenerate RuBP.
It takes 6 cycles total to make a glucose molecule since you need 2 G3P for that.
How does the ATP synthase work?
The H+ ions that are moving because of the electrical current in the inner membrane are moving them into the ATP synthase which acts like a rotor to pump them across the membrane. The energy from them being pumped across the membrane helps ADP and Pi get bonded together to synthesize ATP.
What is split apart at PSII, and what happens to those molecules?
Water is split. Oxygen is released through the stomata, and the H+ ions stay in the thylakoid lumen and go to the ATP Synthase. The electrons go into the photosystem to perform redox reactions.
Mrs. Lu saw one of the impractical jokers at their comedy show last night. Which joker did she see: Q, Sal, Murr, or Joe?
Sal!