Topic 1
Communication through cell junctions
What is Direct Contact
Ligand binds to receptor
What is reception
A variable that will cause a response
What is a stimulus
The life of a cell from its formation till it divides is considered what?
What is the cell cycle
If damage cannot be prepared the cell will undergo ______
What is apoptosis
Cell-to-cell communication is critical for the _____and_____of cells.
What is function and survival
Signal is converted
What is transduction
The body must be able to monitor its ________ conditions at all times
What is internal
Strings of nucleosomes form ________
What is chromatin
What 2 phases do microtubules attach to kinetochores during?
What are Prometaphase, & Metaphase
Cells communicate through three general ways
What is direct contact, local signaling, and long-distance signaling
The final molecule in the signaling pathway converts the signal to a response that will alter a cellular process
What is response
Values for various physiological conditions that the body tries to maintain
What are set points
Proteins attached to the centromere that link each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
What is kinetochore
Mitosis: nucleus divides
Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides
-Mitosis results in: 2 identical diploid daughter cells
What phase is this?
What is M phase
Secretory cells release local regulators (ie growth factors) via exocytosis to an adjacent cell
What is paracrine signaling
Located in the plasma membrane, important in the nervous system, and receptors that act as a "gate" for ions
What is a ligand gated ion channel
This type of feedback increases the effect of a stimulus. Examples: Child labor, Blood clotting, Fruit ripening
What is positive feedback
DNA associates with and wraps around ________ known as __________ to form nucleosomes
What is proteins, histones, nucleosomes
What are the three phases during interphase?
What is G1, S, G2
Specialized cells release hormones into the circulatory system where they reach target cells
What is animals
Largest category of cell surface receptors, important in animal sensory systems, binds to a G protein that can bind to GTP, which is an energy molecule similar to ATP
What are G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)
Shivering when cold is an example of what type of feedback loop
What is negative feedback
Body cells, diploid (2n): 2 sets of chromosomes one set from each parent, divide by mitosis. What type of cell is this
What are somatic cells
What are the 5 phases of mitosis?
What are Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase & Cytokinesis