DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Viral and Bacterial Genetics
Biotechnology
Gene Expression and Differentiation
Random
100
An enzyme that unwinds the DNA, creating a replication fork.
What is helicase?
100
A single strand of RNA that provides the template used for sequencing amino acids into a polypeptide.
What is Messenger RNA (mRNA)?
100
The biomolecule that is either a RNA or DNA and contains the hereditary information of the virus.
What is a nucleic acid?
100
Specific enzyme used to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.
What is a restriction enzyme?
100
A unit of DNA that controls the transcription of a gene.
What is an operon?
100
The corresponding mRNA and protein stran for a DNA sequence that reads: TAC-AAA-TGG-ATC
What is AUG-UUU-ACC-UAG and Met-Phe-Thr?
200
When DNA is replicated the two new strands each consist of a single old DNA strand and a single new DNA strand.
What is a semiconservative model?
200
The RNA polymerase unzips the DNA and assembles RNA nucleotides.
What is Elongation?
200
A short, circular DNA molecule outside the chromosome.
What is a plasmid?
200
Process used to compare DNA fragments using an electric field.
What is gel electrophoresis?
200
A region that RNA polymerase attaches to in order to start transcription.
What is a promoter region?
200
Three modifications to pre-mRNA in eukaryotic transcription.
What is 1) 5' cap, 2) poly-a tail, and 3) RNA splicing?
300
The leading complementary strand goes from the ___ to ___ direction.
What is 3' and 5'?
300
Nucleotides attached to the 3' end and allows stability to the mRNA.
What is a poly-A tail?
300
When the bacteria absorb DNA from their external surroundings and take it inside their genome.
What is the transformation?
300
RFLPs from a crime scene are compared to RFLPs from a suspects DNA in ____ ____________.
What is DNA Fingerprinting?
300
Protein responsible for the first level of DNA packing in eukaryotic chromatin.
What is a histone?
300
The concept that multiple codons coding for the same amino acids minimizes the effects of mutations.
What is redundancy?
400
Okazaki fragments are joined by this enzyme.
What is DNA ligase?
400
In translation this process begins when the small ribosomal subunit attaches to a special region near the 5' end of the mRNA.
What is Initiation?
400
When a virus transfers genes from one bacterial cell to another.
What is transduction?
400
The process used to copy DNA fragments millions of times by using DNA polymerase.
What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)?
400
Tightly packed nucleosomes that can be seen with a light microscope.
What is heterochromatin (chromatin)?
400
Two processes that cause cell differentiation in early embryonic development.
What is cytoplasmic determinants and induction?
500
_____ _____________ attaches to the RNA primers to begin elongation.
What is DNA polymerase?
500
Removes nucleotide segments from mRNA.
What is RNA splicing?
500
The name of the cycles when (1) a virus penetrates the cell membrane and uses the host cell's enzymes to reproduce the virus and (2) the viral DNA is temporarily in the DNA of the host cell.
What is (1) lytic and (2) lysogenic?
500
DNA that contains genes from two different sources.
What is Recombinant DNA?
500
The study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect how your genes are expressed. Changes are reversible and do NOT change your DNA sequence.
What is epigenetics?
500
Viruses, such as HIV, that use reverse transcriptase to insert a copy of its RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of that cell.
What is retroviruses?