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Structure of DNA
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Genetic Engineering
100
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________ in DNA, but _________ in RNA.
What are THYMINE and URACIL?
100
The phase of the cell cycle during which cells divide is known as this. BONUS (100): When cells are not dividing, they are in this phase.
What is MITOSIS? BONUS: What is INTERPHASE.
100
This organelle is responsible for building proteins.
What are RIBOSOMES?
100
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
What are CHROMOSOMES?
100
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.
What is a PLASMID?
200
The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. BONUS (100): What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:
What is a double helix? BONUS: Who is Rosalind Franklin?
200
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
What is HELICASE?
200
Proteins are long chains made up of this type of molecule.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
200
This enzyme must bind to the promoter region of DNA in order to begin protein synthesis.
What is RNA POLYMERASE?
200
This type of protein is used to cut DNA at a particular sequence.
What is a RESTRICTION ENZYME?
300
DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.
What are nucleotides.
300
This disease can result when cells divide more frequently than usual.
What is CANCER?
300
These are the two steps of protein synthesis. BONUS: Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? BONUS: Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm
300
The removal of this type of molecule allows chromatin to unwind in eukaryotic DNA so that transcription occurs.
What is a METHYL GROUP.
300
The two steps of inserting an engineered plasmid into a bacteria are ____________ and _____________.
What are RECOMBINATION and TRANSFORMATION?
400
This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is deoxyribose?
400
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA POLYMERASE?
400
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
400
Chromatin is wound around this protein when DNA is in its highly condensed form.
What is a HISTONE?
400
Plasmids often contain genes for ___________, because this can be used to test whether or not cells have incorporated the plasmid.
What is ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE?
500
Adenine and ___________ are both purines, while cytosine and ___________ are both pyrimidines.
What are GUANINE and THYMINE?
500
These two types of proteins are responsible for regulating cell division and destroying improperly dividing cells. BONUS (100): When cells are destroyed, they go through this process.
What are CYCLIN and CDKs? BONUS: What is APOPTOSIS?
500
Amino acids are linked together with this type of bond.
What is a PEPTIDE BOND?
500
Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.
What are INTRONS?
500
The enzyme that recognizes and cuts specific RNA sequences in the CRISPR system is called __________.
What is Cas9?