Structure of DNA
This is the phase of the cell cycle during which cells replicate their DNA.
What is INTERPHASE/S-PHASE?
The operator section of the DNA does this to the genes that follow it.
What is TURN ON/OFF (or PREVENT/ALLOW TRANSCRIPTION)?
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA, outside of their chromosome.
What is a PLASMID?
The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. BONUS (100): What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:
What is a double helix? BONUS: Who is Rosalind Franklin?
This enzyme separates the DNA molecule's strands before DNA replication.
What is HELICASE?
RNA polymerase must bind to this region of DNA in order to begin transcription.
What is the PROMOTER REGION?
This is what a mutation is.
What is a CHANGE IN GENETIC MATERIAL?
DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.
What are nucleotides?
This enzyme reduces strain on the DNA molecule's strands by reducing its supercoiling.
What is TOPOISOMERASE?
These are the two steps of protein synthesis. BONUS: Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? BONUS: Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm
These chemicals can bind to enzymes and change their shape, which then can open or close their active site.
What are ALLOSTERIC INHIBITORS/ACTIVATORS.
This type of mutation results from a nucleotide changing the codon from one that would code for an amino acid to a stop codon.
What is a NONSENSE POINT MUTATION?
This is the sugar part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is DEOXYRIBOSE?
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA POLYMERASE?
This molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
These two factors determine the pattern formation of an organism during development.
What is INDUCTION and CYTOPLASMIC DETERMINANTS?
Silent mutations are a result of this feature of tRNA codons.
What is REDUNDANCY?
Adenine and guanine are both _____, while cytosine, uracil, and thymine are all _____.
What are PURINES and PYRAMIDINES?
These are the repeating, non-coding nucleotides that are the end of the lagging strand to prevent DNA erosion.
What are TELOMERES?
These are the three modifications done to pre-mRNA in eukaryotes before it can be transcribed.
What is ADDING THE 5' CAP, ADDING THE 3' POLY-A TAIL, and RNA SPLICING?
The removal of this type of molecule allows chromatin to unwind in eukaryotic DNA so that transcription occurs.
What are METHYL GROUPS?
Down Syndrome - a.k.a. trsomy-21 - is a result of this large-scale mutation.
What is NONDISJUNCTION?