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Structure of DNA
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Genetic Engineering
100
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________ in DNA, but _________ in RNA.
What are THYMINE and URACIL?
100

DNA is synthesized in this direction.

What is 5' TO 3'?

100

The DNA strand acting as the template strand is also referred to as the ________ strand, minus strand, or antisense strand.

What is NONCODING?

100
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
What are CHROMOSOMES?
100
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.
What is a PLASMID?
200
The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. BONUS (100): What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:
What is a double helix? BONUS: Who is Rosalind Franklin?
200

This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication. BONUS (100): This enzyme relaxes the supercoiling in front of the replication fork. 

What is HELICASE? BONUS: What is TOPOISOMERASE? 

200

The enzyme RNA Polymerase reads the DNA in this direction. 

What is 3' TO 5'?

200
This enzyme must bind to the promoter region of DNA in order to begin protein synthesis.
What is RNA POLYMERASE?
200
This type of protein is used to cut DNA at a particular sequence.
What is a RESTRICTION ENZYME?
300
DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.
What are nucleotides.
300

DNA Polymerase needs this in order to initiate DNA synthesis. 

What is RNA Primer?

300

Translation is initiated when ____ on the mRNA interacts with the ____ in ribosomes. BONUS (100): Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

What are START CODON and rRNA? BONUS: Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm

300
The removal of this type of molecule allows chromatin to unwind in eukaryotic DNA so that transcription occurs.
What is a METHYL GROUP.
300

Electrophoresis separates molecules according to ____ and ___. 

What are SIZE and SHAPE?

400
This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.
What is deoxyribose?
400

This is the term for the model where one strand of DNA serves as the template for a new strand of complementary DNA.

What is the SEMI CONSERVATIVE MODEL?

400
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
400
Chromatin is wound around this protein when DNA is in its highly condensed form.
What is a HISTONE?
400
Plasmids often contain genes for ___________, because this can be used to test whether or not cells have incorporated the plasmid.
What is ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE?
500

________ and ___________ are both purines, while ________ and ___________ are both pyrimidines.

What are ADENINE and GUANINE and CYTOSINE and THYMINE?

500

DNA is synthesized continuously on the ________ strand and discontinuously on the _________ strand. 

BONUS (100): Which enzyme joins the fragments on the discontinuous strand?

What are LEADING and LAGGING? BONUS: What is LIGASE?

500

These are the series of enzyme-regulated modifications that mRNA undergoes in eukaryotes. 

What is ADDITION OF POLY-A-TAIL, GTP CAP, EXCISION OF EXONS and SPLICING OF INTRONS?

500

Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.

What are INTRONS?

500
The enzyme that recognizes and cuts specific RNA sequences in the CRISPR system is called __________.
What is Cas9?