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Structure of DNA
DNA Replication and the Cell Cycle
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Genetic Engineering
100
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________ in DNA, but _________ in RNA.
What are THYMINE and URACIL?
100

The phase of the cell cycle during which cells divide is known as this. AND When cells are not dividing, they are in this phase.

What is MITOSIS?  What is INTERPHASE or g0

100
This organelle is responsible for building proteins.
What are RIBOSOMES?
100

Name one example of positive Gene regulation and one example of negative Gene regulation.

Positive: 

  • Enhancers

  • Activators

  • Splicing/Alternative RNA splicing

  • Histone Acetylation

  • Protein Processing

Negative:

  • Histone Deacetylation

  • Repressors/Silencers

  • DNA Methylation

  • RNA Degradation

  • RNA interference by microRNAs

  • Regulatory Proteins

  • Proteasomes


100

This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.

What is a PLASMID?

200

The shape of DNA, first published by Watson & Crick, is described as this. AND What is the name of the scientist whose data Watson & Crick used without permission to form their hypothesis:

What is a double helix? Who is Rosalind Franklin?

200
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
What is HELICASE?
200
Proteins are long chains made up of this type of molecule.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
200
This enzyme must bind to the promoter region of DNA in order to begin protein synthesis.
What is RNA POLYMERASE?
200
This type of protein is used to cut DNA at a particular sequence.
What is a RESTRICTION ENZYME?
300

DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.

What are nucleotides.

300
This disease can result when cells divide more frequently than usual.
What is CANCER?
300

These are the two steps of protein synthesis. AND  Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? AND Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm

300

The removal of this type of molecule allows chromatin to unwind in eukaryotic DNA so that transcription occurs.

What is a METHYL GROUP or Histones/histone acetylation

300

Explain how gel electrophoresis aids in DNA fingerprinting.

It separates DNA restriction fragments by size. Smaller fragments travel farther in the gel.

400

This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.

What is deoxyribose?

400
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA POLYMERASE?
400
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
400

Chromatin is wound around this protein when DNA is in its highly condensed form, this makes Gene expression difficult.

What is a HISTONE?

400

The 3 ways that bacterial/prokaryotic genomes change, other than by mutation are:

Conjugation

Transformation

Transduction

500

Adenine and ___________ are both purines, while cytosine and ___________ are both pyrimidines.

What are GUANINE and THYMINE?

500

These two types of regulatory proteins are responsible for regulating cell division/cell cycle checkpoints. AND When cells are destroyed, they go through this process.

What are CYCLIN and CDKs? 

What is APOPTOSIS?

500
Amino acids are linked together with this type of bond.
What is a PEPTIDE BOND?
500

Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA during splicing/RNA processing before translation are called ____________.

What are INTRONS?

500

The enzyme that recognizes and cuts specific RNA sequences in the _________ system is called Cas9.

What is CRISPR?