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Structure of DNA
DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis
Gene Regulation
Genetic Engineering/Mutation
100
The nitrogenous base adenine pairs with ________ in DNA, but _________ in RNA.
What are THYMINE and URACIL?
100

direction that new DNA is made

What is 5' to 3'?

100
This organelle is responsible for building proteins.
What are RIBOSOMES?
100
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled into these highly condensed structures.
What are CHROMOSOMES?
100
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.
What is a PLASMID?
200

The shape of DNA is described as this

What is a double helix? 

200
This enzyme unwinds the DNA molecule before DNA replication.
What is HELICASE?
200
Proteins are long chains made up of this type of molecule.
What are AMINO ACIDS?
200

This enzyme binds to the promoter region of DNA to begin protein synthesis (transcription)

What is RNA POLYMERASE?

200

Used to determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

What is DNA sequencing?

300

DNA is a polymer made up of monomers called __________.

What are nucleotides.

300

Enzyme that joins the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

What is DNA ligase?

300

These are the two steps of protein synthesis. BONUS: Where does each step occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

What are TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION? BONUS: Prokaryotes- both in cytoplasm Eukaryotes- Transcription in nucleus; translation in cytoplasm/ribosome

300

proteins that help turn specific genes "on" or "off" by binding to nearby DNA, required for eukaryotic transcription

What are transcription factors?

300

Enzyme that uses RNA as a template to make DNA

What is reverse transcriptase?

400

This sugar is part of the backbone of the DNA molecule.

What is deoxyribose?

400
This enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the strand of DNA that is being copied during DNA replication.
What is DNA POLYMERASE?
400
This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and binds to mRNA based on its anticodon.
What is tRNA?
400
Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.
What are INTRONS?
400

A process used to separate DNA fragments based on size and electrical charge

What is gel elctrophoresis?

500

Adenine and ___________ are both purines, while cytosine and ___________ are both pyrimidines.

What are GUANINE and THYMINE?

500

The leading strand will be the complement of this parent strand (you may draw a picture to show)

parent strand will be 3-5'

500
Amino acids are linked together with this type of bond.
What is a PEPTIDE BOND?
500

usually off, but can be turned on when a specific small molecule interacts with a regulatory protein (such as lactose)

What is an inducible operon?

500

A technique for making many copies of a DNA fragment, involves cycles of heating and cooling  

What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?