Replication
These basic building blocks are considered the monomers of nucleic acids.
What are nucleotides?
While creating RNA, this is complementary to adenine.
What is uracil?
This organelle is responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
Eukaryotic DNA is coiled around histone proteins to create this highly condensed structure.
What is a chromosome?
These are enzymes that were originally discovered in bacteria that are used to cut DNA strands at certain sequences.
What are restriction enzymes?
This enzyme adds complementary nucleotides to the template strand of DNA during replication.
What is DNA polymerase?
_______________________ binds to DNA and adds complementary nucleotides to create RNA. (be specific in your answer).
What is RNA polymerase?
__________ is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome to be combined to form a polypeptide chain.
What is tRNA?
Chromatin is wound around this protein when DNA is in its highly condensed form.
What is a histone?
This is a piece of circular bacterial DNA.
What are plasmids?
The fact that DNA is ____________________ is the reason that DNA cannot be continuously synthesized on both strands.
What is antiparallel?
The types of cells that produce mRNA that is the same length as the gene it was produced from.
What are prokaryotes?
The three nucleotide sequence on mRNA that has a matching nucleotide sequence on tRNA is called what?
This is a section of DNA in prokaryotes only that includes an operator region, promoter region, and structural genes.
What is an operon?
This is the process that uses electricity to separate fragments of DNA based on their size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
These are the small sections of DNA that are created on the lagging strand of DNA as it is replicated.
What are Okazaki fragments?
Sequences of genes that are removed from mRNA before translation are called ____________.
When a ____________ is reached during translation, the ribosome will detach from the mRNA and the fully formed _______________ chain will be released.
In eukaryotic cells, these general and specific molecules bond to the promoter region of DNA.
What are transcription factors?
The process that is used to create multiple copies of a short DNA sequences.
What is PCR?
This mutation occurs when an extra nucleotide is added during DNA replication.
What is a frameshift mutation? or What is an insertion mutation?
The process of extracting certain segments of pre mRNA and leaving others to be translated to create different proteins from the same initial gene is called...
__________ is always the start codon and codes for the amino acid ___________.
What are AUG and met?
The lac operon is an example of a(n) ___________ operon, meaning that it is usually turned off.
What is inducible?
A _________ _______________ is created when a foreign piece of DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
Recombinant plasmid