Biology 1
a structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, where they cross over and exchange genetic material
Chiasmata
A group of organisms of the same species that reside in a given area
What is Population
a condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes within its cells
Polyploidy
The naturalist who proposed "descent with modification"
Who is Charles Darwin
Genetic variation, formation of new alleles, natural selection on varied phenotypes can be caused by ____
mutations
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry
What are Homologous Structures
Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function
What are Analogous Structures
Remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species
What is a Vestigial Structure
The process by which unrelated species become more similar as they adapt to the same kind of environment
What is Convergent Evolution
The genotypic and phenotypic differences between individuals in a population
What is Genetic Variation
Change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
What is the Founder Effect
Genetic drift that occurs when the size of a population is reduced, as by a natural disaster or human actions. Typically, the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
What is the Bottleneck Effect
Form of natural selection by which the center of the curve remains in its current position; occurs when individuals near the center of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end
What is Gene Flow
The gradual changes in gene frequencies in a population due to random events
What is Genetic Drift
Occurs when two populations become reproductively isolated from one another
What is Speciation
Classification of organisms and determining their evolutionary relationship
What is Phylogeny
Its purpose is to reconstruct evolutionary trees
What is a Cladogram
The combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population
What is a Gene Pool
This grouping includes most recent common ancestor of the group and all of its descendants
What is a Monophyletic Group
a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step speciation.
Saltation
The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully? (a.k.a survival of the fittest)
What is Natural Selection
_______ is a neologism meaning "on the same ribbon"; this can be interpreted classically as "on the same chromosome", or in the modern sense of having the same order of genes on two (homologous) strings of DNA (or chromosomes
Synteny
a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors
Hardy-Weinberg
Person who proposed the theory that organisms can pass on physical characteristics to their offspring that they acquired during their lifetime
Lamarck
The _____ model is a scientific theory that explains how genetic incompatibility evolves and leads to speciation
Dobzhansky–Muller