1- Chemistry of Life
This property of water allows it to stick to other substances, contributing to capillary action.
What is adhesion?
The type of transport that moves molecules against a concentration gradient using energy.
What is active transport?
This stage of cellular respiration takes place in the cytosol and splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.
What is glycolysis?
Biological molecule whose name ends in -ase
What is a suffix for an enzyme?
The energy required to start a chemical reaction
The type of bond responsible for water’s cohesion and high specific heat.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the presence of these.
What are membrane-bound organelles?
The final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration.
What is oxygen?
Under standard conditions, carbon can form this many bonds
What element can form 4 bonds?
Level of protein structure that is composed of alpha helixes and beta pleated sheets.
What is secondary protein structure?
This process builds polymers by removing a water molecule.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This type of cell transport does not require energy and moves molecules against their concentration gradient by coupling with another molecule’s gradient
What is secondary active transport (or cotransport)?
This gradient of this chemical across the inner mitochondrial membrane is essential for ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the proton (H⁺) gradient?
What is anaerobic respiration?
The enzyme that phosphorylates ATP by using the energy from proton flow down its electrochemical gradient.
What is ATP synthase?
The function of this macromolecule depends on its folding into a unique 3D shape, which is driven by interactions like hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges.
What is a protein?
What are ribosomes?
The purpose of this step of cellular respiration is to generate a proton gradient.
What is the electron transport chain?
The cellular process that relies on the enzyme RUBISCO to fix atmospheric carbon dioxide.
What is the Calvin Cycle?
This type of bond forms between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a single water molecule.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Name the theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts based on their double membranes and independent DNA.
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
Enzyme activity can increase by changing this factor, but only to a certain point before leveling off.
What is substrate concentration?
In cellular respiration, the electron transport chain creates a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP in this process.
What is chemiosmosis
What is water?
Type of bond that holds the two strands of nucleic acids together in DNA
Hydrogen bonds
The organelles that have their own circular chromosomes?
What are the mitochondria & chloroplast?
This type of molecule binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site, altering the enzyme’s function.
What is an allosteric inhibitor (or allosteric effector)?
Location where the H+ is concentrated to power chemiosmosis in cellular respiration.
What is the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
What is photorespiration?