Unit 0: Methods of Science
The group that does not receive the treatment.
What is the control group?
The simplest level of protein structure.
What is primary structure?
These structures, made of RNA and protein, are responsible for protein synthesis.
What are ribosomes?
In photosynthesis, this pigment captures light energy.
What is chlorophyll?
This phase of the cell cycle is the longest, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA.
What is interphase?
A variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment.
What is the independent variable?
A simple way to predict which compounds will dissolve in other compounds.
What is the phrase "like dissolves like"?
The fluid mosaic model describes this cell structure, which regulates what enters and exits the cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
These are the two main processes of photosynthesis.
What are the light dependent and light independent reactions?
This protein complex regulates the progression of the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
What is a cyclin?
The definition of the null hypothesis.
What is the assumption that there is no change, no difference between two groups, or no relationship between two variables ?
Electrons are shared equally vs electrons are not shared equally.
What is the difference between non-polar and polar covalent bonds?
Lacks membrane-bound organelles.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Electrons move as part of this atom.
What is the H atom?
This enzyme-linked receptor is crucial in regulating cell growth and proliferation and is commonly mutated in cancer.
What is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)?
The line of best fit.
What is you plot your data points, visually draw a line that approximates the trend or select two points on that line, calculate the slope using those points, and then use the slope and one of the points to find the y-intercept, ultimately forming the equation of the line.
Provides surface tension.
What is hydrogen bonds allow water to have cohesion (this is when water molecules are hydrogen bonded to other water molecules and resist separation from one another).
Transport efficiency in cells.
What is the surface area-to-volume ratio decreases as a cell grows larger?
The 4 stages of cellular respiration.
Glycolysis
Pyruvate oxidation
Krebs/Citric Acid cycle
Electron Transport Chain
The purpose of protein phosphatases in signaling pathways.
What is the class of enzymes, which remove phosphate groups from proteins, acting as an "off switch" for signal transduction.
The standard deviation error bars do not overlap.
What is the difference may be significant?
The difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis.
What is dehydration synthesis bonds molecules together by removing water while in hydrolysis water is added to the molecules in order to dissolve those bonds?
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, there will be a net flow of water out of the cell, and the cell will lose volume.
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume.
If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, there will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell, and the cell’s volume will remain stable.
The purpose of oxidative phosphorylation.
What is this step generates the most ATP by using a proton gradient to drive ATP synthase.
The three cell cycle checkpoints and their purpose.
What is
G₁ Checkpoint: Determines if the cell has sufficient size, nutrients, and growth signals to proceed with DNA replication.
G₂ Checkpoint: Ensures that DNA replication was completed correctly during S phase and checks for DNA damage.
M (Spindle Assembly) Checkpoint: Occurs during metaphase and ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle fibers at the kinetochores before anaphase begins.