Cell Signaling
These are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway.
What are reception, transduction, and response?
This is a description of cytokinesis.
What is cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts (animal cells) or a cell plate forms midway (plant cells) between the divided nuclei?
These are two examples of local signaling in animal cells.
What are paracrine and synaptic?
This is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a cyclin?
The type of feedback loop pushes an organism further away from homeostasis.
What is a positive feedback loop?
This is the term for a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule on the cell's surface.
What is a ligand?
This stage of the cell cycle is when DNA is replicated.
What is the S stage?
This is how animal cells achieve long distance signaling.
What is endocrine signaling, where specialized cells release hormones into the circulatory system where they reach target cells.
This is how many checkpoints involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.
What is 3?
This type of feedback loop brings the organism closer to homeostasis.
What is a negative feedback loop?
This is what happens to the receptor immediately after a ligand binds to it.
What is protein modification? (The receptor activates via a conformational change)
These are the 3 steps of interphase and these are the 5 steps of mitosis.
What are G1, S, G2 for interphase, and Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase for mitosis?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: The term for a cell communicating with itself
What is autocrine
This checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter the G0 phase.
What is G1?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What type of receptor forms a dimer when activated?
What is a tyrosine kinase receptor?
This is the most common response of transduction pathways.
What is gene expression?
Two new nuclei form during this stage of mitosis.
What is Telophase?
The term for cell communication through contact.
What is direct or juxtacrine.
At this checkpoint, the cell pauses to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly.
What is the M or spindle checkpoint?
This is the name for controlled cell death.
What is apoptosis?
A series of chemical reactions during cell signaling mediated by enzymes, in which each kinase in turn phosphorylates and activates another?
What is Phosphorylation Cascade?
This is the point in the cell cycle where the sister chromatids separate.
What is Anaphase?
These are the terms for the connections between animal and plant cells during direct contact communication.
What are gap junction and plasmodesmata?
This condition can be caused by the accumulation of mutations in genetic material and uncontrolled cell growth.
What is cancer?
This is a type of receptor found on the inside of the cell rather than the cell membrane.
What is an intracellular recptor?