Cell Signaling
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
What are a reception, transduction, and response
What of the following phases are cells in the longest amount of time? (IPMAT)
What is I(nterphase)?
What is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a Cyclin
One half of a duplicated chromosome is a _________.
What is sister chromatid?
Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps or coils.
What is Histone?
What is a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule.
What is a ligand
What stage of the cell cycle does our DNA replicate?
How many checkpoints are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
What is three
In humans, how many chromosomes does each new cell end up having when mitosis?
What is 46?
What is apoptosis?
What is controlled cell death
In a signal transduction pathway, what are Cyclic AMP an Calcium ions used as?
What are Second Messengers?
What are the 3 stages of Interphase?
What are G1, S, G2?
What checkpoint is most critical in preventing cancer (p53)?
What is G1 Checkpoint?
In what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes first become visible?
What is Prophase?
What kind of ligand can cross the cell membrane and use an intracellular receptor?
What is hydrophobic (nonpolar)?
What are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein
What is a kinase
Two new nuclei form during this stage of Mitosis.
What is Telophase?
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
What is the M or Spindle checkpoint
What is binary fission?
What type of signaling involves a ligand binding to the receptor of a nearby target cell?
What is a paracrine?
What is it called when a receptor can ultimately generate a large cellular response due to kinases activating many molecules?
What is Amplification?
At what point in the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate?
What is Anaphase
What gene mutations can lead to uncontrolled growth and is like pressing your foot on the gas pedal?
What is (proto-)oncogenes?
The name of protein (glue) that holds the sister chromatids together at the centromere.
What is cohesin protein?
Cells that don't divide go to this step.
What is G0 phase?