Cell Signaling
These are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway.
What are reception, transduction, and response?
The process by which cytoplasm is divided into two nearly equal parts between the divided nuclei.
What is cytokinesis ?
A common signal receptor that uses a G-protein to send a signal.
What is a G-Coupled Protein Receptor?
This condition can be caused by the accumulation of mutations in genetic material and uncontrolled cell growth.
What is cancer?
The type of feedback loop pushes an organism further away from homeostasis.
What is a positive feedback loop?
This is the term for a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule on the cell's surface.
What is a ligand?
This stage of the cell cycle is when DNA is replicated.
What is the S stage?
A lipid-based molecule used in long-distance signaling.
What is a hormone?
The family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle.
What is a cyclin?
If a parent cell were to have 10 chromosomes, each daughter cell would have this many after mitosis.
What is 10?
This is what happens to the receptor immediately after a ligand binds to it.
What is protein modification? (shape change)
The 3 steps of interphase
What are G1, S, G2?
This is a type of receptor found on the inside of the cell rather than the cell membrane.
What is an intracellular receptor or secondary messenger?
This is the name for controlled cell death.
What is apoptosis?
This type of feedback loop brings the organism closer to homeostasis.
What is a negative feedback loop?
This is the most common response of transduction pathways.
What is gene expression?
Two new nuclei form during this stage of mitosis.
What is Telophase?
A common secondary messenger formed from ATP by the enzyme adenylate cyclase.
This checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter the G0 phase.
What is G1?
The phase of mitosis in which the nucleus disappears.
What is prophase?
A series of chemical reactions during cell signaling mediated by enzymes, in which each kinase in turn phosphorylates and activates another?
What is Phosphorylation Cascade?
This is the point in the cell cycle where the sister chromatids separate.
What is Anaphase?
These are the terms for the connections between animal and plant cells during direct contact communication.
What are gap junction and plasmodesmata?
At this checkpoint, the cell pauses to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly and all chromosomes are in the middle of the cell.
What is the M or spindle checkpoint?
What type of receptor forms a dimer when activated?
What is a tyrosine kinase receptor?