Cell Signaling
What are the 3 steps in the signal transduction pathway?
What are a reception, transduction, and response
What happens during Cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts or a cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei.
What is a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes.
What is a Cyclin
How many rounds of cell division does Meiosis involve?
What is 2?
Protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps.
What is Histone?
What is a signal molecule that binds to a larger molecule.
What is a ligand
What stage of the cell cycle does our DNA replicate?
How many checkpoints are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?
What is three
In humans, how many chromosomes does each new cell end up having when meiosis is complete?
What is 23?
What is apoptosis?
What is controlled cell death
What is the most common response of transduction pathways?
What is Gene Expression
What are the 3 steps of interphase and 5 steps of mitosis?
What are G1, S, G2, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What checkpoint decides whether or not the cell will undergo division or enter to G0 phase?
What is G1 Checkpoint
Crossing-over occurs during this phase.
What is Prophase I?
What do Mitosis and Meiosis both produce?
What are cells
What are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to a protein
What is a kinase
Two new nuclei form during this stage of Mitosis.
What is Telophase?
At what checkpoint does the cell check to see if the spindle fibers are attached correctly?
What is the M or Spindle checkpoint
What are the differences in the results of the cells in Mitosis and Meiosis?
What is mitosis results in diploid cells, Meiosis results in haploid cells?
One half of a duplicated chromosome is a __________.
What is a chromatid?
What is a series of chemical reactions during cell signaling mediated by enzymes, in which each kinase in turn phosphorylates and activates another?
What is Phosphorylation Cascade
At what point in the cell cycle do the sister chromatids separate?
What is Anaphase
What causes cancer?
What is the accumulation of mutations in genetic material
What cell division process is involved in asexual reproduction, and which one is involved in sexual reproduction?
What are mitosis for asexual and meiosis for sexual
Cells that don't divide go to this step.
What is G0 phase?