Ch. 1
Describes structures and locations (what and where)?
Anatomy
Dynamic equilibrium that stabilizes the body system
Homeostasis
These determine solubility within a molecule
Hydrogen bonds
What are the 4 shapes of protein folding?
Primary -> Secondary -> Tertiary -> Quaternary
Uracil, thymine, guanine, adenine, cytosine
Studying the body using a microscope
Microanatomy or Histology
What are the two main body cavities?
Dorsal and ventral
What are the 5 functional groups AND which one is not water soluble?
Hydroxyl, Methyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate
Methyl is not water soluble
Does DNA or RNA contain OH-? Which contains uracil and which contains thymine?
RNA contains OH-. RNA contains uracil. DNA contains thymine.
What are the three types of RNA
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
What are the 4 techniques for physical examination
1-Visual observation- use your eyes
2-Palatation- use your fingers
3-Auscultation- listen to biological sounds
4-Percussion- tap and listen to sounds
What are positive and negative feedback and include an example of each?
Positive feedback - bringing body away from homeostasis ex oxytocin release during childbirth
Negative feedback - bringing body closer to homeostasis ex sweating during fever
Where do non-polar molecules accumulate?
Where do polar molecules accumulate?
Lipids
Water
What is the "equation" for metabolic rate?
Uracil can't form hydrogen bonds to adenine
What are the 10 pieces of structural hierarchy of the body?
Whole Body -> Organ Systems -> Organs -> Tissues -> Cells -> Organelles -> Membrane Lipid -> Bilayers -> Molecules -> Atoms -> Subatomic
What are the 5 requirements for anatomical position
standing straight, feet flat, toes forward, arms down-palms forward and thumbs out, and eyes straigh
What are the building blocks of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins?
Carbohydrates - saccharides
Lipids - fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
What is the difference between kinases and phosphatases in terms of ATP?
Phosphatases represents the breakdown of energy - removing a phosphate.
If all the DNA in the 10 million cells of your body were put end to end, they would reach to the sun and back how many times?
65 times
What is the reference weight for both males and females in lbs and kg? Include age.
Reference Man: 22 yrs 70kg/154 lbs
Reference Woman: 22 yrs 58 kg/128 lbs
What are the 11 organ systems of the body?
Integumentary, muscular, skeletal, reproductive, urinary, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, endocrine, lymphatic, nervous
What are the four rules for enzyme function?
1) Enzymes only become active within a specific pH or temperature!
2) Enzymes have a specific environment for optimal activity!
3) Each enzyme has unique conditions for optimal activity!
4) They often REQUIRE the presence of a co-factor!
What are the 4 rules of cell theory?
1) Organisms are composed of cells
2) Cell is simplest single unit of life
3) Cell structure/function relate to activity
4) All cells come from pre-existing cells
1) Primary base sequence
2) Histones
3) Nucleosomes
4) Chromatin
5) Supercoiled nucleosomes
6) Chromatid
7) Chromosome